Question

A neuron and a white blood cell have very different functions. For example, a neuron can receive and respond to electrical signals while a white blood cell defends the body against infection. Diagram the central dogma and describe at which point(s) in the central dogma there are major differences between the cells neurons and white blood cells.  

Answer 1

First arrow signifies TRANSCRIPTION and second arrow is for TRANSLATION.

When comparing Neuron and a WBC, It's a change in the process of Transcription,i.e, the DNA binding proteins(activators) bind to specific domain of the DNA and help in carrying out its Transcription with the help of Polymerase Enzyme(in this case its Rna Polymerase as RNA is produced from DNA). So in specific cells only a certain set of Binding proteins are present (based on cell memory which ensures like cells give rise to like cells) that helps in the Transcription giving rise to a RNA which is further translated to give rise to proteins that help in make up of a specific kind of cells.

Therefore the DNA binding proteins are different in neuron and WBC, so although there DNA is same the process of Translation is different giving rise to different proteins in them and making there make up totally different.