Are excitatory graded potentials depolarizing or hyperpolarizing? What is the name for graded potentials from different...

Are excitatory graded potentials depolarizing or hyperpolarizing?

What is the name for graded potentials from different stimuli adding together?

Name what kind of ion channels are open and which direction the ion moves for each part of an action potential.

a. Depolarization Na channels open,

b. Repolarization Na channels open,

c. HyperpolarizationNa channels close,

Can a second action potential be sent during depolarization and the first part of repolarization? Why or why not?

Expert Solution

Excitatory graded potentials are depolarizing, because depolarizing causes the membrane potential to move toward threshold.

Spatial summation.

Summation is the process of adding things up. Spatial summation involves simultaneous stimulation by several presynaptic neuron. Spatial summation occurs when more than one excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) originates simultaneously and a different part of the neurone.

a) Depolarization occurs when sodium ions into move the cells as the sodium channels open.

This causes the addition of positive charges to the inside of the cell and change the membrane potential from negative to positive. Sodium channels close at the peak of action potential

b) Repolarization occurs as there is movement of positively charged potassium ions out of the cell. In this phase voltage gated sodium channel closes and potassium channel to open.

c) Hyperpolariation occurs as potassium channel open allowing the outward movement of potassium ions.

During this period the resting potential is exceeded and the new cell potential will become more negative than the resting potential

Since the voltage-gated sodium ion channels are inactivated it cannot generate another action potential.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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