Explain how graded potentials and action potentials are different. On which part of a neuron would you...

Explain how graded potentials and action potentials are different. On which part of a neuron would you expect a graded potential to occur? An action potential?

Explain what an EPSP and IPSP are? How would you generate an IPSP?

Expert Solution

Action potential: This procedure occurs when the membrane potential of an axon location rapidly changes. This type of depolarisation promotes neighbouring cells to have same result. This phenomenon occcurs in many neurons, cells. This occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon. They arises by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane.

Graded potential: These are the changes in membrane potential. The strength of this is determined by the strength of the stimulus. They primarily occurs in membrane of the sensory receptor cell when a sensory input causes change in the conductance of membrane. They arise from the summation of the individual actions of ligand-gated ion channel proteins.

EPSP: Graded potentials which make the membrane potential less negative or more positive. This action makes the postsynaptic cell more likely to have an action potential known as Excitatory PostSynaptic Potentials (EPSPs). EPSPs are caused by the influx of Na⁺ or Ca²⁺ ions.

IPSP: Graded potentials which make the membrane potential more negative and make the postsynaptic cell less likely to have an action potential known as inhibitory post synaptic potentials. Hyperpolarization of membranes is caused by influx of Cl⁻ or efflux of K⁺ ions.

Differences between Action potential and Graded potential	Action potential	Graded potential
Action	Causes only depolarising effect	Causes either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing.
Amplitude	Large	Small
Caused by	Voltage gated channels	Ion channels
Ions involved	Na⁺ and K⁺	Na⁺, K⁺, or Cl⁻.
Association with	Refractory periods	No refractory period

Sydney Mullin answered 2 years ago

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