Question

• The Instructor will assign ten      (10) drug cards per week, in specific areas. Each card will be worth 1      point. You will not receive the points for the cards if they are not submitted      within the week when due.
• Cards must be handwritten,      legible, and on ruled index cards.
• All information required on the      card must be completed or you will not receive the point for the card.
• The following information must      be on the Drug Card for Each Drug:
  • Generic and Trade /Brand Names       ( American Only )
  • Classifications:
    • Therapeutic
    • Pharmacological
  • Indications/Uses
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse reactions by all       systems
  • Safe dosage range
  • 3 nursing implications
  • Action

• Atenolol
• 2. Metoprolol
• 3. Cogentin
• 4. Hyoscyamine
• 5. Atrovent
• 6. Oxybutynin
• 7. Scopalamine
• 8. Detrol
• 9. Isosorbide
• 10. Flomax

Answer 1

1. Atenolol

Brand name: Tenormin.

Generic name: Atenolol.

Pharmacologic classification: beta blocker.

Therapeutic classification: antihypertensive, antianginal.

Action: It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Indications: hypertension, angina, cardiac arrythmias

Contraindications: hypotension, bradycardia , cardiogenic shock, asthma, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Side effects : Dizziness, lightheadedness, tiredness, and nausea ,dry mouth, constipation, hair loss.

Dose: oral tablet ( 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg)

Nursing implications: watch for hypotension or bradycardia

Don't Stop the drug suddenly.

Monitor complications and vital signs.

2.metoprolol

Brand names: Lopressor and Toprol XL.

Generic name: metoprolol

Therapeutic class: beta blockers

Action: Metoprolol tartrate is a beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor blocker. It inhibits beta2-adrenoreceptors, chiefly located in the bronchial and vascular musculature.

Side effects:tiredness, dizziness, diarrhea, constipation, breathing problems such as shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing, rach , bradycardia.

Indications:

• Hypertension.
• Angina pectoris.
• Prevention of MI and decreased mortality in patients with recent MI.
• Management of stable, symptomatic (class II or III) heart failure due to ischemic, hypertensive or cardiomyopathic origin

Contraindications:

• Abrupt discontinuation.
• Hyperthyroidism.
• Acute heart failure, AV block, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, pulmonary edema, sick sinus syndrome, ventricular dysfunction.
• Cerebrovascular disease.
• Diabetes mellitus

Dosage :immediate-release oral tablet (5 mg, 37.5 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg), extended-release oral tablet (5 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg).

Nursing implications:

• Take metoprolol with food.
• Don’t crush the extended-release tablet.

3.cogentin

Generic Name: benztropine
Brand Name: Cogentin

Indications: Cogentin reduces the effects of certain chemicals in the body that may be unbalanced as a result of disease (such as Parkinson's),drug therapy, or other causes.

Cogentin is used together with other medicines to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (muscle spasms, stiffness, tremors, poor muscle control).

Adverse effects:

• Abdominal or stomach cramps or pain
• aggressive and violent behavior
• Dizziness
• bloating
• burning while urinating
• confusion
• constipation
• decrease in frequency of urination
• decrease in urine volume
• diarrhea
• Dizziness

Contraindications :

• Closed-angle glaucoma.
• Bladder obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy, urinary retention.
• Cardiac disease, tachycardia.
• Behavioral changes, dementia, driving or operating machinery, psychosis.
• Tardive dyskinesia.
• Autonomic neuropathy, myasthenia gravis

Action: blocks cholinergic activity in the basal gangliaand increase the availability of dopamine by blocking its reuptake and storage in central sites, and as a result, increasing dopaminergic activity.

Nursing implications:

Advise patient to report difficulty in urination or infrequent voiding.

Closely monitor for appearance of signs and symptoms including intermittent constipation, abdominal pain, dimnishing bowel sounds on auscultation, and distention.

4. Hyoscyamine

Brand name : Anaspaz, Cystospaz.

Generic name: hyoscyamine

Classification: antimuscarinic

USES: Hyoscyamine is used to treat a variety of stomach/intestinal problems such as cramps and irritable bowel syndrome.

Adverse effects:

• drowsiness.
• dizziness or lightheadedness.
• headache.
• blurred vision.
• flushing (feeling of warmth)
• dry mouth.
• constipation.
• difficulty urinating.

Dosage:

Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older: 1 to 2 tablets every four hours or as needed. Do not exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours.

Pediatric patients 2 to under 12 years of age: ½ to 1 tablet every four hours or as needed. Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours.

Contraindications:

• Anticholinergic medications.
• Pulmonary disease.
• Bladder obstruction
• myasthenia gravis.
• Glaucoma.
• Psychosis.

Action:It blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in sweat glands, salivary glands, stomach secretions, heart muscle, sinoatrial node, smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, and the central nervous system.

Nursing implications:

• Monitor bowel elimination; may cause constipation.
• Monitor urinary output.
• Lessen risk of urinary retention by having patient void prior to each dose.

5. Atrovent

Generic name: ipratropium bromide

Trade name: atrovent

Classification: anticholinergic

Indications: COPD, bronchitis, emphysema like respiratory conditions.

Dosage:

metered-dose inhaler

• 17mcg/actuation

nebulized solution

• 0.02%

Action:Atrovent (ipratropium) is a bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs. Atrovent is used to to prevent bronchospasm, or narrowing airways in the lungs.

side effects: dry mouth, cough, and inflammation of the airways, urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to atropine, narrow angle glaucoma and obstructions in the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system.

Nursing implications: Protect solution for inhalation from light.

Use nebulizer mouthpiece instead of face mask to avoid blurred vision or aggravation of narrow-angle glaucoma.

Ensure adequate hydration, control environmental temperature to prevent hyperpyrexia.

6.oxybutynin

brand names :Ditropan

Generic name: oxybutynin

Action: It reduces muscle spasms of the bladder and urinary tract.

Indications: Oxybutynin is used to treat symptoms of overactive bladder, such as frequent or urgent urination, incontinence (urine leakage), and increased night-time urination.

Adverse effects:

• being unable to urinate.
• constipation.
• dry mouth.
• blurry vision.
• dizziness.
• drowsiness.
• sweating less than usual
• Sleeping difficulty

Contraindications: Oxybutynin is contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, poorly controlled narrow-angle glaucoma, and obstructive gastric disorders or gastric dysmotility. It should not be used in patients who have hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.

Dosage: available in10%, 3.9 mg/24 hr5 mg/5 mL,5 mg/24 hours, 10 mg/24 hr, 15 mg/24 hr, 3%

Nursing implications:

Inform patient that oxybutynin decreases the body's ability to perspire.

Avoid strenuous activity in a warm environment because overheating may occur.

Advise patient to notify health care professional if urinary retention occurs or if constipation persists.