Write an essay in which you describe in detail how initiation, elongation and termination occur in...

Write an essay in which you describe in detail how initiation, elongation and termination occur in bacteria. Please be as thorough as possible. Make a drawing to accompany the description in which you show all the steps

describe in detail how initiation, elongation and termination occur in bacteria. Please be as thorough as possible. drawing to accompany the description in which you show all the steps

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Expert Solution

Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesised from the mRNA. It consists of 3 major steps. Initiation, Elongation and Termination.

INITIATION

Initiation occurs when complex of small ribosomal subunit and initiator tRNA binds to the start codon (AUG) with the help of initiation factors.

The ribosome cosists of two receptor sites for tRNA - P site (peptidyl site) and the A site (aminoacyl site). The P site carries the peptidyl t-RNA and the A site carries the incoming tRNA with the aminoacid attached.

ELONGATION

During elongation, aminoacids are brought to the mRNA by the tRNA and are added one by one forming a polypeptide chain. The new tRNA comes to the A site.

Peptide bond formation - The aminogroup of the aminoacid in the A site forms a peptide bond with the carboxyl group of the aminoacid at the P site in the presence of enzyme peptidyl tranferase.

Translocation - Now the polypeptide chain is in the A site. The whole ribosome moves over the mRNA, so that the peptidyl t-RNA is translocated to the P site.

Now, the A site can receive another tRNA carrying its aminoacid. The steps of peptide bond formation and translocation are repeated till the polypeptide chain is completed.

TERMINATION

During termination, a stop codon (UAA, UGA or UAG) in the mRNA is recognised by a release factor which releases a completed polypeptide.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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