What is the common location where hormone receptors for Cholecystokinin, Ghrelin, Peptide YY, and Insulin are...

What is the common location where hormone receptors for Cholecystokinin, Ghrelin, Peptide YY, and Insulin are all expressed?

Expert Solution

The gastrointestinal hormones (or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs.The central nervous system (CNS) (the paraventricular nucleus and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus), which receives signals from the alimentary tract as well as from adipose tissue, plays a key role in the body's energy balance. The feelings of hunger and satiety are regulated in the CNS via the brain-gut axis, with a number of hormones playing critical roles . Ghrelin is the main and, as it seems, the only known appetite-stimulating gastrointestinal hormone. Its levels increase with fasting and stimulate food intake via the vagus nerve, the brainstem and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus; whereas satiety-stimulating hormones such as pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), oxyntomodulin (OXM), cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are released during eating . Some of these hormones also affect insulin secretion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are hormones that stimulate postprandial insulin secretion.

Gastrointestinal hormones – ”satiety signals” regulating the beginning, end and intervals between meals

GLP-1:Incretin effect, satiety regulation, delayed gastric emptying

GLP-2:Affects gastrointestinal motility and trophic effect in the intestinal tract

Ghrelin:Hunger stimulation

PYY:Satiety regulation, delayed gastric emptying

PPA:ffects gastric motility, satiety regulation

OXM:Satiety regulation, affects HCl secretion, incretin properties

CCK:Affects gastrointestinal motility, exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion, secretory function of the gallbladder

GIP:Incretin effectAmylinAffects glucose homeostasis, gastric motility

“Adiposity signal” hormones – role in regulating the formation of energy reserves

Insulin:Affects glucose homeostasis, glycogen synthesis

Leptin:Regulates energy metabolism

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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