Question

1.

a. Name the three bones that make up the coxal, or hip bone.
b. Name the structure that connects the two pubic bones anteriorly

c. Name two ways in which a female pelvis is different than a male:

d. Name the area of the coxal bone which articulates with the head of the femur:

e. Name the bones that articulate at the knee

Answer 1

1.a) The hip bone or coxal bone is made up of three parts namely

Ilium - flat and superior surface is called iliac crest.

Ischium - has a projection called ischial tuberosity & can felt while sitting.

Pubis - pubis has two parts namely superior ramus & inferior ramus.

The hip bone is flat & irregular in shape and so called as innominate bone. Ilium presents superiorly, posteriorly covered by the ischium & pubis is present in the anteromedial part below the ilium. These three parts are covered by a hollow space called acetabulum foramen.

b) the structure which connects the two pubic bones anteriorly is known as pubic symphysis. It completes the pelvic girdle. The two hip bones are posteriorly connected by the sacrum, coccyx & anteriorly conneted by the pubic symphysis. This entire circle is called as Pelvic girdle.

Pubic sysmphysis is a fibrocartilagenous structure which covers the body of both pubis bones. Body of pubis is the part where the superior & inferior ramus meets. It projects medially.

c) In females, the pelvic openings ( both inlet & oulet) are larger than in the male.Females having a wider opening which helps in the labour.

Pelvic cavity is larger in size in case of females & the openings are more round. But in male it is in conical shape. Opening is narrowing at end.

d) Acetabulum fossa is the part of hip bone where the head of femur attaches. It forms the hip joint. Acetabulum is the centre point where the three parts of hip bone are united ( ilium, ischium & pubis).

It is a hollow cup shaped space & faces laterally in the hip bone. A layer covered the borders of acetabulum known as acetsbulum labrum which makes the fossa fits more for the femoral head.

e) knee complex is composed of two joints

Tibiofemoral joint which formed between the distal femoral condyles and the proximal part of tubia.

Patellofemoral joint formed by the articulation of the posterior surface of the patella to the anterior surface of the femoral condyles.

Knee joint is one of the weight bearing joint. Condylar/ hinge type & synovial joint.

The joint is more stabilized by the group of ligaments called menisci, cruciate ligaments & the collateral ligaments.