Question

1.Discuss the composition of bones and name the 5 types of bone.

2. Discuss the axial skeleton: composition, regions, and its elements. Please add reference

Answer 1

1.

Bone consists of bone cells and extracellular matrix.

There are three types of bone cells - osteocytes, osteoclasts anf osteoblasts.

Matrix consist of inorganic and organic matrix.

Organic matrix consists of collagen.

Inorganic matrix consists of calcium and phosphates salts that is hydroxyapatite.

There are 5 types of bone -

Long bone ( example - femur, humerus)

Short bone ( carpals and tarsal bone)

Flat bones ( sternum)

Irregular bones ( sacrum, vertebrae)

Sesamood bone ( patella)

2..

Axial skeleton – This type of skeleton consists of bone with the head as well as the trunk of the vertebrate. The axial skeleton consists in total of 80 bones and the main role is in supporting as well as protecting the spinal cord, ventral cavity as well as brain. Out of 80 bones, the six types of bones are skull bones, ossicles, hyoid bone, sternum, vertebral column and rib cage.

The axial skeleton consists in total of 80 bones that starts from top to bottom starting with the skull and the vertebral column. The axial skeleton consists of bones from human skull consisting of the cranium and the facial bones. The cranium of the skull helps in protecting the brain and consists of 8 bones. There are 14 facial bones in the skull. The skull also includes the hyoid bones, inner ear bones and the laryngeal skeleton. It also includes the bones to the vertebral column that includes the vertebrae, coccyx and the sacrum and the bones of the thoracic cage, it helps in protecting the internal organs. It also consists the rib cage consisting of 12 ribs that protects the internal organs.

The three important regions of the axial skeleton is the skull, vertebral column and the thorax or rib cage. The axial skeleton forms the central axis and includes the bones starting from the head to neck, chest and the back