Question

1. A. List the components of each of the three layers that make up a typical arterial blood vessel.

B. Describe the differences in the middle layer structure between elastic and muscular arteries plus arterioles.

C. Describe the two pathways leading to the formation of a clot and the factors that initiate each of these pathways.

2. A. List the four different layers or tunics associated with the digestive tract from the esophagus to the rectum and the components found in each layer.

B. For the layer facing the lumen, list the three modifications noted in the small intestine that are associated with an increase in surface area.

C. In which layer are blood and lymph vessels found?

D. Describe the major differences between the stomach wall and the wall of the esophagus.

Answer 1

1. a. ANSWER: Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima, basement layers are the layers of an arterial blood vessel.

Tunica externa contains collagen and is supported by external elastic lamina. Tunica media is composed of smooth muscle, elastic tissue. Tunica intima has flattenend single layer of endothelial cells supported by subendothelial stroma.

B. ANSWER: Tunica media layer of elastic artery consists more of elastic tissue than smooth muscle cells in it whereas the middle layer of muscular artery contians more of smooth muscle cells in it.

C. ANSWER: The two pathways include intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is initiated by trauma by collagen, platelets, exposed endothelium. The extrinsic pathway is activated by coagulation factor Xll.

2. a. ANSWER: components of mucosal layer is lamina propria, epithelium, muscularis mucosa. Submucosa contains layer of connective tissue with blood vessel. Muscularis mucosa contains smooth muscle cells in it. Serosa contians mesothelium which secretes serous fluid.

C.ANSWER: Blood vessel and lymphatics are present in the submucosal layer of the digestive tract.