Question

1. It is critical that infants learn emotional self-regulation. How do parents teach this in the first years of life?
2. Describe the rouge test. What does it indicate about infant socioemotional development?
3. What is the Strange Situation and what do the different attachment styles tell us about an infant?
4. Which neurotransmitters, not hormones, are important to the development of attachment and why?

Answer 1

Ans :

Emotional self regulation:

Self-regulation is the ability to manage your emotions and behavior in accordance with the demands of a situation.

It’s a set of skills that enables your child to inhibit their emotional or behavioral responses and direct their behavior towards a goal, such as making it till the end of the birthday party for the cake to be served or not hitting their friend so as to have an enjoyable playdate.

Development of emotional self regulation during the early childhood:

Steps:

Essentially, a child's emotional regulation skills boil down to how they manage incoming and outgoing stress.

Step 1: Model positive emotional regulation skills for your child.

Step 2: Help your child be a stress detective.

Step 3: Empower your child with knowledge.

Step 4: Teach the basics of emotional intelligence.

Rouge test :

This test also called as mirror test or mark test

This is a behavioural technique developed in 1970 by American psychologist Gordon Gallup Jr. as an attempt to determine whether an animal possesses the ability of visual self-recognition. The MSR test is the traditional method for attempting to measure self-awareness. However, agreement has been reached that animals can be self-aware in ways not measured by the mirror test, such as distinguishing between their own and others' songs and scents.Conversely, animals that can pass the MSR do not necessarily have self-awareness.

The rouge test is a version of the mirror test used with human children.Using rouge makeup, an experimenter surreptitiously places a dot on the face of the child. The children are then placed in front of a mirror and their reactions are monitored; depending on the child's development, distinct categories of responses are demonstrated. This test is widely cited as the primary measure for mirror self-recognition in human children.

Hormones/ neurotransmitters;

There are some hormones that are especially responsible for the regulation of emotions and controlling them. They are oxytocin, testosterone, oestrogen and thyroid hormones.

This short review of brain chemicals and their attributes shows connections between them and emotions we feel. Four most important brain chemicals are serotonin, endorphins, oxytocin and dopamine.

1.Serotonin production in the brain is important in preventing depression

2.Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the frontal lobes of the brain. It is also necessary for learning.

3. When testosterone is missing in an aging man, this causes low energy, depression, a lack of sex drive, and erectile dysfunction.

4.  If thyroid hormones are missing, the person gets depressed and has a lack of energy.