Question

How do nerves contribute to the regulation of osmoregulation?

How do muscles contribute to the regulation of osmoregulation?

How does cell signalling contribute to the regulation of Osmoregulation?

Answer 1

Osmoreglation is the process of maintaining the constant osmotic pressure in the fluid of the organism by the control of water and salt concentration. The condition of the blood glucose, body temperature and blood calcium level remain stable because of the physiological process that result in negative feedback relation. Say if blood glucose goes high a signal is sent to lower the level of glucose to the respective organ this process is called negative feedback.

The excretory system whether skin, lungs or kidney all play key role in maintaining the osmoregulaiton. If I take the example of kidney it regulate the ionic balance in the body. Main work in the kidney is done by nephron. Which function in three phase to filter and excrete urine from the body.

Filtration – which takes place in bowmans capsule when afferent artriol bring blood that filtered in glomerulous part of bowmens capsule and go out by efferent artriol. Second in the renal tubule where re-absorption of nutrient and other useful ions take place. Last process is called secretion when renal tubule secret waste material like NH3 and H+ ion in the tube to maintain osmoregulaiton.

Use of nerve– An excessive loss of the ion through kidney activate the receptor which stimulate the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis. ADH facilitate water reabsorption from the renal tubule that prevent diuresis. And an increase in body fluid switch off the osmoreceptor and suppress the ADH release to complete the function.

Use of tissue- The part of the nephrone from where re-absorption and secretion is processed are made-up of the simple cuboidel brush border epithelium tissue which increase the surface area for re-absorption. Apart from this all the skin tissue plays key role in osmoregulaiton by secreting sweat.

Cell signaling is the part of complex system of communication that govern basic cellular activities along with coordinating cell action. In tissue homeostasis cell signaling is important. Cell response to volume perturbation by activating volume regulatory mechanism which help in swollen and shrunken cell to return in normal state. Cell activate volume regularity mechanism in response to volume perturbations. Volume regulatory electrolyte loss and gain are mediated by membrane transport process.

It is obvious that one signaling mechanism can account for the volume sensitivity of genes and membrane transport pathways that are activated in response to cell volume perturbations.