Jean is a 34 year-old woman who is pregnant for the first time. She has a sister who had spina bifida and an older brother who had a stroke when he was 14. Jean has tested positive for presence of a genetic defect known as 677C>T in the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). She is worried about using the traditional prenatal vitamin-mineral supplement because she has been cautioned that she is unable to metabolize folic acid from diet and supplements. She is asking for your advice for a successful pregnancy.
Nutrition Diagnostic Statement
Altered nutrient (folic acid) metabolism related to a genetic alteration as evidenced by positive results for 677 C>T in the MTHFR gene and having a family history of spina bifida and stroke. Nutrition Care

What advice would you give Jean about any additional dietary and lifestyle changes to consider?

Summarize in detail the current (≥ 2011) status of U.S. Fisheries. Briefly describe 2 actions that can potentially improve the stocks of U.S. Fisheries. (25 points)

In a certain species of flower, the red allele for flower color (R) is completely dominant to the pink allele (r). A completely recessive allele (d) at a second gene on a different chromosome allows pigment (color) to be actually deposited within flowers; the lack of pigment results in white flowers. READ CAREFULLY!

(a) What is a possible genotype for a pink flower? ___ ___ ___ ___

(b) What is the probability that a flower that is heterozygous for both traits and a red flower (that had one pink parent) produce offspring that have white flowers? (SHOW BOTH PUNNETT SQUARES)

In the pre-lab paper they supplied sucrose to the plants in culture. Could this have affected the plants investment in and reliance on photosynthesis? Discuss in terms of costs and benefits.

I need a full explainatoin on what supplying sugar would do to the plant for the vote.

Do bacteria and archaea have introns and pseudogenes? Or just eukaryotes?

Roughly how many soluble proteins are there in E. coli? Refer back to your Isolation and Purification of GFP lab. Describe what proteins should be present in each of your gel samples (crude, flow through, wash and elution samples). What is the known size of GFP from the literature? How will you determine the size of your GFP by SDS-PAGE?

Describe how sugar is catabolized to pyruvate via glycolysis. Explain how these catabolic reactions generate ATP and NADH.

describe the role of stargazin and its involvement in AMPA and NMDA receptors trafficing in dendrites

Consider the table below giving the numbers of juveniles and adults for one generation.

Calculate fitnesses (viabilities), relative fitnesses, the selection coefficient, and the heterozygous

effect. What type of selection is this? What will the allele frequencies be for the adults in the

next two generations assuming random mating? What will the frequency of the A₁ allele be at equilibrium?

Table:

You are studying a density-dependent elephant population that has the following relationships for the birth rate (b) and the death rate (d), as functions of N.

b=0.10+0.03N-0.0005N^2

d=0.20+0.01N

Plot these functions on the same graph (on a separate page). Using Excel can help you with this: plug into the equation a range of numbers for N from 1 to 60 or so elephants. How many equilibrium points are shown by your graph? You do not have to calculate the values of the equilibria, but indicate where they occur on the graph with arrows that show the population size at the equilibrium point(s) (2 points)

Stability is a quality of an equilibrium point such that when the population is perturbed away from that point, it will return to that equilibrium density. To determine the stability, predict what will happen when N is near, but not at, each equilibrium point and determine the trajectory of the population by comparing the relative magnitudes of b and d at your chosen points. Which one(s) of the equilibrium points are stable? Explain your reasoning. (2 points)

How does this model differ from the logistic growth equation? (1 point)

Research in cell biology and metabolism has progressed due to the discovery of molecules that artificially stimulate or inhibit glucagon/epinephrine and insulin signaling pathways. Let’s say you are working in a lab cataloging the effects of a library of small molecules on these pathways and have a “hit” on molecule 1stAVNGR. Preliminary data on molecule 1stAVNGR indicates that the cardiac isoform of PFK2/FBPase2 is doubly phosphorylated when this molecule is present at micromolar concentrations in cell cultures. Given this context answer the following questions.

a. Under these conditions what is the predicted degree of association between the regulatory subunits and the catalytic subunits of PKA?

b. Further investigation of molecule 1stAVNGR indicates elevated levels of cAMP within the cell despite the absence of epinephrine or glucagon. Hypothesize two possible explanations for this data.

c. When cell cultures are given both molecule 1stAVNGR and molecule RedSKLL (a G-protein inhibitor) cAMP levels remain high (again despite the absence of epinephrine or glucagon). Given this new information hypothesize a possible explanation for the data.

d. In consideration of the data presented in this problem what would be the expected effect of molecule 1stAVNGR on glycolytic flux in a culture of cardiac myocytes? Explain your reasoning?

e. Finally, if molecule 1stAVNGR were infused into a culture of hepatocytes what would be the expected effect on glycolytic flux in these cells? Explain your reasoning.

Whats the effect of the reeler mutation on cell-cell interaction

How does comparative anatomy support evolution?