Question

What is the osteology and muscle action for each joint in the body?

Answer 1

Osteology: The branch of anatomy that deals with bones.

The muscle actions can be classified into 3 types. They are:

1. Muscles attach to bones at some particular locations called as Origins and Insertions.

Origin: If the place of muscles remains on bone which is in rest position.

Insertion: If the place of muscle remains on bone that moves during the action.

2. Muscles act on synovial jpints to move the body:

Flexion: Decreases the angle between two bones.

Extension: Increases the angle between two bones.

Abduction: Moving away from the body's midline.

Adduction: Moving toward's the body's midline.

Pronation: Rotating the forearm where the palm faces down.

Supination: Rotating the forearm where the palm faces up.

Elevation: Moving a body part up.

Depression: Moving a body part down.

Protraction: Moving a bone forward without changing the angle.

Retraction: Moving a bone backward without changing the angle.

Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward

Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Dorsiflexion: Bringing your foot upward toward your shin.

Plantar flexion: Depressing your foot.

3. Muscle actions have agonist, synergists, stabilizers and antagonists:

Agonist: It means the primary force driving the action.

Antagonist: It is quite opposite to agonist i.e., it provides some resistance or reverses the movement.

Synergists: These are the mucles that assists the agonist (prime mover). One or more synergits involved in the movement.

Stabilizers: As the name itself it is showing that these act to keep bones stable when required.