Question

Which statement is true about the role of the pancreas?

a. The exocrine cells of the pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon into the duodenum.

b. The endocrine cells of the pancreas secrete zymogens into the duodenum.

c. The exocrine cells of the pancreas secrete zymogens into the blood.

d. The endocrine cells of the pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood.

Which statement is true about the role of the autonomic nervous system in controlling the digestive process?

a. Parasympathetic neurons or the smell of food can activate the cephalic phase of digestion, leading to increased gastric secretions.

b. Sympathetic neurons or the smell of food can activate the cephalic phase of digestion, leading to decreased gastric secretions.

c. Parasympathetic neurons or the smell of food can activate the cephalic phase of digestion, leading to decreased gastric secretions.

d. Sympathetic neurons or the smell of food can activate the cephalic phase of digestion, leading to increased gastric secretions.

Which statement about regulation of the digestive process is correct?

a. Beta cells of the pancreas have receptors for GIP which produce insulin when stimulated, causing an increase in levels of blood glucose.

b. Beta cells of the pancreas have receptors for CCK which produce insulin when stimulated, causing an increase in levels of blood glucose.

c. Beta cells of the pancreas have receptors for CCK which produce insulin when stimulated, causing a decrease in levels of blood glucose.

d. Beta cells of the pancreas have receptors for GIP which produce insulin when stimulated, causing a decrease in levels of blood glucose.

Answer 1

Question 1

Answer is option (d) The endocrine cells of the pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood.

Pancreas has endocrine and exocrine portions

Endocrine pancreas secretes mainly insulin and glucagon which are released into the blood. These hormones have important role in glucose metabolism in our body.
**Insulin is hypoglycemic hormone which acts mainly on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
**Glucagon is hyperglycemic hormone which comes into action when there is no enough reserve.

Exocrine pancreas comprises of acinar and duct tissue which secretes digestive enzymes.
Zymogens are inactive form of digestive enzymes which are released into duodenum.

Question 2

Answer is option (a) Parasympathetic neurons or the smell of food can activate the cephalic phase of digestion, leading to increased gastric secretions.

**Digestion has 3 phases - cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase.

Cephalic phase occurs even before the ingestion of food. It is activated by parasympathetic nervous system via vague nerve and sense like smell, taste and sight of food.It leads to increased gastric secretion.

Question 3

Answer is option (d) Beta cells of the pancreas have receptors for GIP which produce insulin when stimulated, causing a decrease in levels of blood glucose.

GIP is an incretin which stimulate the beta cells pf pancreas to produce insulin. Receptors for GIP are present on beta cells.

When GIP act on their receptors on beta cells, more insulin will be produced and there will be decrease in the blood glucose level as insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone.

CCK receptors are mainly present on gastric D cells and G cells which regulate the secretion of gastric acid.