Question

1) A mother takes her son to the doctor and describes the following symptoms that she has observed. The child is running a fever, has flu-like symptoms, and his lymph glands are very swollen and sore to the touch. Of what significance are the swollen and sore lymph glands?

2) A woman had a mastectomy that included the removal of axillary lymph nodes on her left side. What does she risk regarding her left arm and why?

3) A man involved in a traffic accident is rushed to the emergency room of a hospital with severe internal bleeding. Examination reveals a ruptured spleen. What is the treatment of choice and what is the likely long-term outcome (prognosis)?

4) While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg. What could have caused the increased size of the swollen leg?

5) Lymphedema may occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed. Explain why it might occur.

6) A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms that help to distinguish cancerous lymph nodes from infected lymph nodes.

7) Describe why the prognosis of cancer is best when there is no detectable spread from the region of the primary tumor to the lymph nodes.

8) As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progresses, some individuals develop persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (any disease of the lymph nodes). Explain why this may occur.

9) A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is likely to be the man's problem and what is his outlook?

10) A young girl requires a liver transplant due to failure of her liver to function. What is required for her to have a good prognosis and why?

11) A woman comes into the hospital emergency room complaining that she is having problems swallowing and her neck is swelling. She has a history of radiation treatment to her neck as a child for acne. What could be the problem?

12) Max is bitten by a rattlesnake while on a camping trip. His friends immediately apply ice packs to the bitten area to slow the spread of the protein-based toxin; they then rush him to an emergency facility. What treatment would be given and why?

13) A physician orders Tylenol for a temperature greater than 101 degrees F. The patient's temperature is 100.4 F. Explain the rationale for not medicating a fever of 100.4 F.

14) Nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) includes monitoring of T lymphocyte counts. Explain why.

15) After receiving penicillin intravenously, a 32-year-old male patient has an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse understands that therapeutic management includes what critical items?

16) When the white blood cell count is depressed, the classic signs of infection such as redness, heat, and swelling are not manifested. In this case, the nurse should avoid administering aspirin. Explain why.

Answer 1

1.The swelling and soreness of the lymph glands occurs in response to the infection of bacteria or viruses.This causes the inflammation of the lymph nodes to get rid off the infectious agents which is causing the fever and flu like symptoms.

2. Removal of the axillary lymph nodes of the left side may risk of  the numbness or tingling of the left arm due to damage in the intercostobranchial nerve.

3.The ruptured spleen treatments depends on the degree of the damage of the spleen which includes -

a. Repair of the spleen by the stitching of the spleen area where rupture has occured.

b. Splenectomy ( removal of the spleen)

c.Partial splenectomy ( only some portion of the spleen will be removed)

Long term outcome - The immune system will be compromised by certain degree and cause frequent infection, beacuse the spleen helps in the filtering of the red blood cells and stores the white blood cells and platelets.

4.The increased size of the swollen legs occurs due to filarial parasite (wuchereria bancrofti) infection causes the lymphatic filariasis.