Question

croup ,epiglottitis and RSV identify the etiology ,symptoms and treatment of selected neonatal and pediatric disease

Answer 1

CROUP

An upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough.

Croup generally occurs in children.

Requires a medical diagnosis

In addition to a barking cough, symptoms include fever, hoarseness and laboured or noisy breathing.

People may experience:

Cough: can be barking

Respiratory: difficulty breathing, fast breathing, noisy breathing, shortness of breath, or wheezing

Whole body: fatigue or fever

Nasal: congestion or runny nose

Speech: hoarseness or impaired voice

Also common: agitation, drooling, phlegm, or sore throat

Most cases clear up with home care in three to five days. A doctor may prescribe a steroid for a persistent case. Rarely, a severe case may need hospital care.

Medications

Steroid, Analgesic, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Vasoconstrictor and Cough medicine

Supportive care

Oxygen therapy, Can be self-healing and Airway management

EPIGLOTTIS

A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the tissue protecting the windpipe becomes inflamed.

Epiglottitis is commonly caused by an infection. The resulting inflammation causes swelling, which blocks air to the lungs.

Symptoms

Requires a medical diagnosis

Symptoms often include shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing and sore throat. Fever is commonly seen in cases of infection.

People may experience:

Pain circumstances: can occur while swallowing

Respiratory: noisy breathing or shortness of breath

Throat: soreness or difficulty swallowing

Also common: fever, coughing, drooling, impaired voice, or swollen lymph nodes

Treatment consists of supportive care and antibiotics

When an infection is present, treatment includes antibiotics. A breathing tube and ventilator may be required in severe cases.

Medications

Antibiotics and Penicillin

Supportive care

Airway management and IV fluids

RSV

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. It's so common that most children have been infected with the virus by age 2. Respiratory syncytial (sin-SISH-ul) virus can also infect adults.

In adults and older, healthy children, RSV symptoms are mild and typically mimic the common cold. Self-care measures are usually all that's needed to relieve any discomfort.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus infection most commonly appear about four to six days after exposure to the virus. In adults and older children, RSV usually causes mild cold-like signs and symptoms. These include:

Congested or runny nose

Dry cough

Low-grade fever

Sore throat

Mild headache

In severe cases

Respiratory syncytial virus infection can spread to the lower respiratory tract, causing pneumonia or bronchiolitis — inflammation of the small airway passages entering the lungs. Signs and symptoms may include:

Fever

Severe cough

Wheezing — a high-pitched noise that's usually heard on breathing out (exhaling)

Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing — the child may prefer to sit up rather than lie down

Bluish color of the skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis)

Infants are most severely affected by RSV. You may notice your child's chest muscles and skin pull inward with each breath. This is a sign that he or she is struggling to breathe. Other signs and symptoms of severe RSV infection in infants include:

Short, shallow and rapid breathing

Cough

Poor feeding

Unusual tiredness (lethargy)

Irritability

Treatment

The doctor may recommend an inhaled form of an antiviral medicine called ribavirin (Virazole) for people with very weakened immune systems (immunocompromised). An inhaler (bronchodilator) or steroids are not proved to be helpful in treating RSV infection