Question

Which mitochondrial enzymes are reqiured during the conversion of glucose to fatty acid?

Answer 1

Fatty acids are synthesized in microorganisms like E.Coli is fatty acid synthase II (FASII), fatty acid synthase I (FASI) in animals, as well as some fungi such as yeast. In humans, fatty acids are formed from carbohydrates predominantly in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as in the mammary glands during lactation.

The glycolysis product pyruvate is an important intermediate in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids. This is achieved by the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. This acetyl CoA is converted into cytosolic acetyl-CoA, by citric acid cycle (by removing citrate) and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol. There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA (by Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)) and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to mitochondrion as malate (and then converted back into oxaloacetate to transfer more acetyl-CoA out of the mitochondrion). The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids.

Citrate lyase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and acetyl CoA carboxylase mitochondrial enzymes are reqiured during the conversion of glucose to fatty acid.

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