Question

1) Which of the following comorbidities is increased as a result of chronic polycystic ovary disease?

A)            endometrial cancer

B)            cardiovascular disease

C)            ovarian cancer

D)           vaginal cancer

E)            Type 2 diabetes mellitus

2) Which of the following would define incontinence associated with benign prostate hyperplasia?

A)          stress incontinence

B)            overactive incontinence

C)            overflow incontinence

3) Which of the following would separate Grave's disease from other causes of hyperthyroidism?

A)            fine tremor

B)            exophthalmos

C)            oligomenorrhea

D)           emotional instability

E)            decreased LDL

4) Which of the following diseases would not predispose to renal failure?

A)          thrombus in the renal artery

B)            diabetes insipidus

C)            diabetes mellitus

D)           chronic neurogenic bladder

E)            hypertension

Please if you are not fully sure of the answers, don't attempt this questions.

Thank you.

Answer 1

1)OPTION A - ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

Chronic polycystic disease is characterised by the presence of fluid filled cyst in the ovaries.Because of this the ovary cannot synthesize the ovum. So, in this patient will have prolonged menstrual periods.

The endometrium will be overexposed to the estrogen hormone. This will lead to hyperplasia of the endomerial lining of the uterus and chronic condiiton will lead to endometrial cancer

2)OPTION C- overflow incontinence

In disease like benign prostatic hyperplasia , there is enlargement of the prostate gland, it will partially block the urethra . THis make the urinary bladder to never compeltly empty.So, the patient have frequent urge to urinate even the urinary bladder is not full,

3)OPTION B - EXOPHTALMOS

The characteristic feature of the graves disease that make it distinguisable from the other hyperthyroidism is exophthalmos.

it is the forward bulging of the eyball from the orbit.

All other symptoms are also can be seen in other hyperthyrodism

4)OPTION B - diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is a disease caused by the hyposecretion of the ADH hormone from the hypothalamus and released from the pituitary so any injury or tumor to these gland will lead to decreased secretion of ADH.

ADH is essential for the water reabsorption from teh kidney, if ADH is not produced it will lead to increased volume of the urine and patient also feel thirsty.

This condition willnot lead to a kidney failure

thrombus in the renal artery will produce hypoperfucion of the kidney and it will eventually lead to kidney failure

Diabetes mellitus causes increased pressure in the kidney and also microalbunuria this will lead to fibrosis of the kidney and finally kidney failure

Hypertension increases the pressure in the kidney and kidney cant regulate the high pressure , this will lead to hypertensive nephropathy and finally kidney failure.