Question

We are looking at chemical nomenclature using IUPAC standard. In your own words provide rules for naming ionic molecules; covalent compounds; acids ; polyatomic ions; oxyanion; hydrates; and basic organic compounds.

Answer 1

rules of IUPAC nomenclature

1) longest chain rule; the longest possible chain must be taken as parent chain see to that it must include maximum number of substitutents and functional groups

2)root word ; is given based on the number of carbon atoms in the parent compound example meth for 1 and eth for 2 and prop 3 and but 4 ...

3) if the given compound is saturated primary suffix is an and unsatureated it will be en for = bond and yne for triple bond

4) secondary suffix indicate nature of the funcationl groups like for alochols it is 'ol' and aldehydes it is 'al' and carboxylici acid it is 'oic acid' ......

5) numbering rule; if the given compound contains functional group then least possible number is given to the carbon holding the functional group, in the absence of functional groups then least number is given to the carbon holding the substituent

6) incase of different substituents alphbetical order numbering and naming is follwed, if it contains more than one same substituent then prefix di for 2 , tri for 3 ....

7) if the compound contains more that one functional group then seniority order is followed for example _COOH is senior to CArbonyl compounds

1) in case hydrates the number of water mlecules must be written at the end of the name

2) in case oxo anions if they have lower oxidation state then suffix 'ous 'is used , higher oxidtion state 'ic ' is used