Question

Select 1 disease directly related to the respiratory and integumentary systems. Research and select a peer reviewed article written within the past 5 years discussing treatment options for the selected disease and write a 1-page (minimum) Annotated Bibliography. For annotated bibliographies, use standard APA format for the citations, then add a brief entry, including:

• 2 to 4 sentences to summarize the main idea(s) of the source including a brief summary of the disease and treatment option(s).
• 1 or 2 sentences to assess and evaluate the source including if this information is reliable and discuss if the source is objective or biased.
• 1 or 2 sentences to reflect on the source including how this information can benefit a patient and your understanding of the selected disease.

Answer 1

Disease selected: Psoriasis

Article selected: Augustin M, Jullien D, Martin A, & Peralta C. (2020). Real-World Evidence of Secukinumab in Psoriasis Treatment - a Meta-Analysis of 43 Studies. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16180.

Summary: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder of the skin. While there have been many treatments available, advances in treatment through biologics (monoclonal antibodies like adalimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab, etc.) is recent. Secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, has been the most successful biologic treatment alternative to date.

The article selected here is a meta-analysis review of 43 published articles that report on studies related to secukinumab in different settings, i.e. different patient populations, different dosing schedules, different disease stages etc.

This article can help the patient understand the merits and pitfalls of all available remedies for psoriasis. The article describes in detail the pharmacology of the drug, i.e. how the drug works, what are its side effects, etc. The article clearly mentions why the drug is a superior alternative and how it could benefit the patient.

Bibliography:

1. McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Kirkham B, Kavanaugh A, Ritchlin CT, Rahman P, et al. (2015). Secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (FUTURE 2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 386, 1137-1146.

The authors have described the results of a randomized, controlled, phase-3 trial (FUTURE 2), where secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, was assessed for its efficacy and safety in patients with psoriatic arthritis. The authors describe promising results in the favour of secukinumab, suggesting that the molecule could be developed as a potential antipsoriatic agent.

2. Umezawa Y, Nobeyama Y, Hayashi M, Fukuchi O, Ito T, Saeki H, Nakagawa H. (2013). Drug survival rates in patients with psoriasis after treatment with biologics. The Journal of Dermatology, 40(12),1008-13.

The authors here describe the most common problem encountered in long-term treatment regimens- ‘patient compliance’. The authors state that a patient’s adherence to a regimen is not only related to a drug’s efficacy, but also to its adverse effects, treatment costs, and other factors. For the purpose of evaluation of antipsoriatic drugs, a quasi- index called the PASI-75 (i.e. a 75% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) is commonly used. Using this score, the authors have evaluated the biologics available for the treatment of psoriasis, such as adalimumab, ustekinumab, and infliximab. The results show that singular treatment with biologics is not enough to achieve a good PASI-75 score. The authors, thus, conclude that a better efficacy with biologics can be achieved, along with longer patient adherence, if the patient uses a concomitant treatment regimen.

3. Machado-Pinto J, Diniz Mdos S, Bavoso NC. (2016). Psoriasis: new comorbidities. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 91(1), 8-14.

The authors here describe how the idea of the pathology of psoriasis has changed over time. Once, what was thought to be a mere skin condition, is now undisputedly considered a systemic inflammatory disease. Moreover, with the research conducted in recent years, there has been overwhelming proof that the disease is intricately involved with more than one co-morbidity. The authors describe how studies have shown an association between psoriasis with inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, psychiatric disorders, metabolic syndrome and its components and cardiovascular diseases. The authors try to establish a link between psoriasis and obstructive sleep apnea. The authors conclude that identification and treatment of these comorbidities are nonetheless, essential for the proper treatment of patients.