Question

can anyone explain the diffence between bacterial Fatty acid synthesis and eukaryotic fatty acid synthesis as in how they differ I have been trying to find it everywhere i cant

Answer 1

•In nature, there are two basic types of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) :- FASI [single gene produce multi functional protein] ; FASII [two genes produce different proteins].

•In eukaryotes, there are two pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis , intra-mitocondrial [beta oxidation and production of acytel co enzyme A]and the extra mitochondrial. But in eukaryotes the major pathway of the biosynthesis of fatty acids is an extra-mitochondrial process (cytosolic and/or microsomal).

•To produce fatty acids from the precursor which is acetyl-coA.

•Firstly the carboxylation of acetyl-coA is going on to produce the intermediate product malonyl-coenzyme A . This reaction is catalyzed by acetyl-coA-carboxylase, a biotine enzyme, in presence of ATP.

•The malonate group of malonyl-CoA is transferred to the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of a small, acidic protein or protein domain, called the acyl carrier protein (ACP).

•Malonyl-ACP is then condensed with acetyl-CoA, reduced, dehydrated and reduced once again yielding an acyl-ACP. The elongation of the chain occurs by condensing another malonyl-ACP with the acyl-ACP and repeating the reaction cycle.

•In prokaryotes, pathway of the biosynthesis of fatty acids is an extra-mitochondrial process only [as we know mitochondria is absent ]. All over reactions are same but the basic difference is in the second step that means transfer of CO – A group. This reaction is not carrying by biotin protein as in eukaryotes but two different enzymes participated in it. The acyl groups of acetyl-coA and malonyl-coA are trans­ferred, respectively by an acetyl-transferase and a malonyl-transferase, to a small protein called Acyl Carrier Protein or ACP.