Question

1. Explain the connection between the misuse/overuse of antibiotics and the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
2. Give an example of when a health-care provider might choose a broad-spectrum antibiotic over a narrow-spectrum antibiotic

Answer 1

Sol.

Misuse of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance in microbes. Mutations are ramdomly introduced in to the genome of microbes. Such mutations may lead to antibiotic resistance in very small group of individual cells of the bacterial population. When we use misuse the antibiotics again and again or using subleathal dose of antibiotics, that will results in the elimination of antibiotic sensitive cells and fixing of antibiotic resistant cells in the population as a result of directional selection. So the use of such antibiotics in necessory times not provide good results.

Broad spectrum antibiotics are capable to kill somany strains of bacteria cells. They kill both targeted and non targeted species, pathogenic and non pathogenic, and beneficial. When using broad spectrum antibiotics like Amoxicilin, there is a chance to antibiotic resistance in more than one species of pathogenic bacteriums. This will lead to the secondary infections by many resistant pathogens hard to treat. This will lead to side effects like diarrhoea and rashes etc. This will also leads many abnormalities due to the destruction of normal and beneficial microbes.