Question

48. A therapy that targets HIV’s p24 protein would be most effective:

A) During reverse transcriptase in the cytosol

B) Interrupting the viral DNA splicing into the human cell’s DNA

C) During fusion at the human cell’s membrane

D) Interrupting the initial attachment of the virus on the human cell’s membrane

E) Interrupting budding from the human cell’s membrane after the dormant period

49. What antibiotic (specific or subtype) could become ineffective from a mutation in the smaller

ribosomal subunit of the bacteria?

A) Bacitracin

B) Aminoglycosides

C) Ansamycin

D) Penicillin

E) Macrolidees

50. Which is not a role of IL-2 released from Helper T-cells?

A) Stimulates the proliferation of T-cells.

B) Enhances activity of NK cless.

C) Stimulates plasma cell development of B-cells

D) Stimulates proliferation of B-cells.

E) Enhances antibody production of B-cells

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer 48. Option E (Interrupting budding from the human cell’s membrane after the dormant period)

Explanation: p24 is a glycoprotein present on the surface of the HIV and this protein codes for the viral capsids. These set of proteins are known to enter the human body way earlier than that of the viral genome and hence the detection of these proteins within the serum of the person can be effective in determining the viral infection.

Though these proteins as antigens are present in both free and bound forms; their detection in their free forms is more effective in yielding the results. Thus a normal antigen test can be performed for their detection and there is no need to perform the reverse transcription test. Since the antigens of p24 capsid proteins persists in the body for some time, the best and effective method of their targeting and elimination is an interruption budding from the human cell’s membrane after their dormant period as then after the genome of the virus would start to express and multiply itself

Answer 49. Option B (Aminoglycosides)

Explanation: Amino glycosides are a class of broad spectrum antibiotics which are used to treat against a number of prokaryotic bacterial species. They are also however used in a few eukaryotic cells. They mediate their mechanism by binding to the small 30S subunit of the ribosome. After a detailed X- ray crystallographic studies, it has been revealed that these group of antibiotics are known to get bound to the 16 S sequences located within the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Therefore, any mutation within the smaller subunit will hinder the binding of these antibiotic class to that of the smaller ribosomal sub unit

Answer 50. Option C (stimulates plasma cell development of B-cells)

Explanation: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a low molecular weight glycoproteins; also called as cytokines which are released from the T helper cells within the human body. They are known to perform a number of functions like;

Activation and proliferation of T helper, T cytotoxic cells, and is also effective in boosting up the immune responses by stimulating the proliferation of the B cells leading to the formation of antibodies. However they are known to play the least role in the class switching processes thus leading to the inter conversion of the plasma to B cells and