Question

Part 1:

1) What is genetics?

2) What is a karyotype?

3) What are chromosomes? (Include how many chromosomes humans have and what autosomes and sex chromosomes are.)

4) What is a gene?

5) What do the terms “allele” and “homologue” mean?

6) What do we mean by the following terms:

a. Homozygous trait

b. Heterozygous trait

c. Dominant gene

d. Recessive gene

7) What do the terms “genotype” and “phenotype” mean?

8) Briefly explain the three factors that contribute to genetic variability.

a. Independent assortment

b. Crossover of homologues

c. Random fertilization

9) Briefly describe the following. Provide an example for each.

a. Dominant-recessive inheritance

b. Incomplete dominance inheritance

c. Multiple-allele inheritance

d. Sex-linked inheritance

e. Polygene inheritance

f. Extranuclear (mitochondrial) inheritance (not really a pattern

10) What role, if any, do environmental factors play in gene expression?

11) What is genetic screening? Why do they determine pedigrees?

12) Compare/contrast amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (including the benefits and risks associated with each).

Part 2:

1) What do we mean when we use the expression “the human genome”?

2) By what percentage does the human genome differ from person to person?

3) How many genes are there in the human genome?

4) Define:

a. exons

b. introns

c. structural genes

d. regulator genes

e. satellite DNA

5) What is gene therapy?

6) What is meant by the terms “in vivo” and “ex vivo” as they apply to gene therapy?

7) Name two “tools” used in gene therapy indicating where they are most used (relative to the terms asked about in item 6 above).

8) Name two diseases/disorders where gene therapy has enjoyed some success.

9) What are two big challenges for gene therapy?

10) How do you feel about gene therapy? (There is no right or wrong answer here.)

Answer 1

PART A

answer 1 - genetics is a branch of biology concerned with study of gene , genetic variations and hereditary in organism

it is study of traits which are passed from parents to a child. eg hair colour eye colour etc.

2 karyotype is the picture of human chromosome for this human chromosome is isolated stained and examined under microscope to study the characteristics of human chromosome.

3 chomosome is the dna molecule with the part or all the genetic information of the genome and there are 23 pair of chromosomes of which 22 pairs are autosomes that regulate the somatic characters of the body and one pair is called allosomes or sex chromosomes that regulate the reproductory characters of the body.

4 Gene is the basic physical and functional unit of hereditary it is the sequence of nucleotide in the dna and they are characters passed from parents to offsprings for example playing cricket is in my gene.

5 pair or series of gene on chromosome that determine the specific character is called allele example hair colour and homologue is the chromsome which is similiar in physical attribute and genetic information with other chromosome during the meiosis or cell division

6 homozygous trait - particular gene that have identical allele on both chromosomes and unidentical or different allele on both called heterozygous trait

the gene which shows its character by supressing the character of other is called dominant gene and which does not able to show its character due to any other is recessive one

7) genotype are the genetic characters studied of organism and phenotype is physical characterisitcs of any organism

i have answered first seven please dont downthumb can ask doubt in comments