Question

• Describe any two of the following--Ebola, HIV/AIDS, Chagas, or Schistosomiasis--from the standpoint of the relationships between (1) culture/economy and disease; (2) cities/towns and disease; (3) environmental change and disease; and (4) human ecology and disease.
• Within the above framework, how do the two diseases reflect “negative externalities” and “Karl Polanyi’s Paradox” (as defined in GPCC)?

250 word minimum; no maximum word count. Display the word count at the end of your post.

Answer 1

Schistosomiasis

It is a parasitic flat worm infection caused by a blood fluke.This infection is prevalent world wide occuring in about 1 in 30 people. The cercariae of the parasite penetrate the skin ,migrate to the liver via the lungs and remain in intrahepatic portal venules until the worm mature. The mature worm does not multiply with in human . then move in to its final habitat. Depending on the species involved the worm may settle in the vein of the large bowel,small bowel or bladder.This disease is seen over 90% of these people live in poor rural communities especially in sub saharan Africa. The disease can be investigated by their different   transmission capabilities . at the monthly means temperature ,The temperature changes may impact on snail distribution in general as well as the maturation of the intermediate stages of the parasite inside the inter mediated host in to the non endemic areas.

Ebola virus disease  

Ebola is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human to human trasmission. it is first appear in 1976 in african sub continent. It occured near the river called ebola from where the disease takes it s name. The 2014 out break was the largest and most complex ebola out break since the ebola virus was discovered . There are four strain of ebola viruses they are ebola zaire ,ebola sudan ,ebola thai and ebola reston .The climet can affect the rate of transmission ,the way in which the pathogens are dispersed .The most sensitive to climate factors are parasitic disease with external life cycle ,vector born disease and infectios disease passed on by water.The low income countries must reinforce their health system to dectet infectious zoonotic disease and control the outbreak . The most severly affected countries Guinea ,Liberia ,Sierra , Leone , Nigeria have very weak health system ,lack human and infrastructural resources.