Question

Select all of the following opportunistic infections that can be associated with HIV/AIDS

a. Cytomegalovirus disease

b. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

c. Candidiasis

d. Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer 1

Opportunistic infectipns is an infection caused by pathogens like bacteria,virus,fungi,protozoa.Many different kinds of germs can cause opportunistic infections. They're called "opportunistic" because they take advantage of the weaker immune system of someone with HIV. People with healthy immune systems are not bothered by them.
HIV attacks CD4 cells, which help to find and destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other invasive germs. Without enough CD4 cells to fight them off, the resulting infections can lead to illnesses, cancers, and brain and nerve problems. Certain opportunistic infections can be a sign that your HIV has become AIDS.
If your CD4 count stays up, opportunistic infections are less likely to be a problem. When your CD4 count is low, then patient need to take preventive drugs to lessen chances of getting sick. And you can take medicine to help your body fight some infections after you get them.
Opportunistic Infections are...
Almost any disease can become an opportunistic infection when your immune system is weak. Some are more common than others, and depending on your CD4 count, some are more likely to occur.
*CANDIDIASIS or thrush-- It is an opportunistic fungal infection in your mouth, throat, it commonly colonizing human mucosal surfaces when host defenses are weakened,C.albicans can proliferate causing an array of infection ranging from muscosal to systemic infection.candidiasis charactrrized by white plaques covering the tongue and other oral surfaces.Topical therapy using clotrimazole troches or nystatin suspensions and oral fluconazole helpd to treat this.
*CYTOMEGALOVIRUS--It is a common viral opportunistic infection linked to HIV,person with advanced HIV cytomegalovirus causes eye infection called rhinitis that can lead to blindness.HIV carrier wont catch CMV from casual contact, but it's possible to get it by touching your eyes, nose, or mouth after contact with an infected person's like
Saliva
Semen
Vaginal fluids
Blood
Urine
Breast milk
You can also get cytomegalovirus through:
Sexual contact
Blood transfusions
Organ transplants.

By correctly taking antiretroviral therapy can help to keep CD4 count up and immune system strong.it can also help to stop retinitis to come back.
*PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA--a fungus that can cause a deadly lung infection.It is a serious infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in your lungs. It's caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jiroveci that's likely spread through the air. This fungus is very common. Most people have successfully fought it.PCP is not hard to treat and prevent. A healthy immune system can easily control it. But it can make people with weakened immune systems, such as someone with HIV, very sick.