Question

1a)when the kidneys detect low blood pressure, a compensatory mechanism to raise blood pressure is the secretion of this signaling molecule that acts to increase aldosterone release
a.PIP2 Calcium
b. ACTH
c. renin
d. EPO
1b)chemoreceptors form a reflex arc with the brain to adjust blood pressure. what happens if these receptors detect a high amount of CO2
a. you will see increased cardiac output and vasodilation
b.you will see decreased cardiac output and vasoconstriction
c.you will see decreased cardiac output and vasoconstriction
d. you will see increased cardiac output and vasoconstriction
1c) which of the following does not accurately describe the adaptive immune system?
a. it has the ability to remember antigens in the future
b.it must be primed by an initial exposure
c.it is highly specific
d. it pertains to a systemic response

Answer 1

Ans-1a). c. renin

When there is low blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells of kidney releases renin which converts angiotensinogen from liver to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme from lungs. Angiotensin II releases aldosterone which is a potent vasoconstrictor and increases blood pressure.

Ans-1b). d. you will see increased cardiac output and vasoconstriction

When there is hypercapnia or increase in CO2 level of blood, it is detected by chemoreceptors due to which there is changes in breathing pattern. Due to less oxygen supplied to the tissues, vasomotor centres are stimulated leading to vasoconstriction and due to stimation of cardioacceleratory system, cardiac output increases.

Ans-1c). d. it pertains to systemic response

Adaptive response is the specific response which occurs against particular antigen. Memory is created in the first encounter of the antigen and it is thus recognised in the second response to fight against it. On the other hand, systemic response involves infalmmainfl response which form part of internal defence or non specific innate immunity.