Question

Topic: brief review to state the neuro and humoral regulation mechanism of blood pressure ( write a review on it more than 800 words) Please answer the question only if you can observe the minimum limit of 800 words and if it is possible please type the answer. Thank you.

Answer 1

Blood pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the flow of blood on the walls of the arteries.
The blood pressure is regulated through two mechanisms:

First mechanism : neural mechanism which is the short term regulation of the blood pressure.
Second mechanism: humoral mechanism which is the long term regulation of blood pressure.
Neural mechanism of blood pressure regulation: neural mechanism of blood pressure regulation involves the blood regulation through sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of autonomic nervous system. This is known as baroreceptor reflex.
Baroreceptors are receptors found in arteries that detect the change in pressure in the arteries. When the blood pressure in the body decreases it causes baroreceptors to fire action potential. This causes the sensory nerve impulses to travel to the medulla of brain where the cardiac centre is situated. The cardiac centre processes the sensory information and causes activation of sympathetic oathway and suppression of parasympathetic pathway. This increases the cardiac contraction, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output which cause an increase in blood pressure. Similarly when blood pressure increases baroreceptors suppress action potential suppressing the cardiac centre. This increases parasympathetic activity and suppress sympathetic activity which results in decreased blood pressure.
Humoral regulation: humoral regulation iccurs through hormonal control of BP. When the blood pressure decreases perfusion of blood to kidney decreases. The kidneys sense the falling BP. This causes release of renin from the kidneys. The renin causes release of angiotensinogen from liver and its conversion to angiotensin l and to angiotensin ll. Angiotensin ll causes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone from adrenal gland and ADH from pituitary. The result is increased retention of water and sodium which increases blood pressure.