Question

1a. Tendons and ligaments are similar because they both have:

1. a limited blood supply and low metabolism
2. an abundant blood supply and low metabolism
3. a limited blood supply and high metabolism
4. an abundant blood supply and high metabolism

b. What is the name of the outer layer of connective tissue on skeletal muscle?

1. perimysium
2. epimysium
3. endomysium
4. intermediate fascia

c. The functional units of skeletal muscle that allow it shorten are:

1. tendons
2. fascicles
3. sarcomeres
4. perimysium

d. In terms of muscle actions at the knee joint, the quadriceps and hamstrings are:

1. agonists
2. antagonists
3. synergists
4. none of the above

e. Skeletal muscle shortens when:

1. actin and myosin bind and slide past each other
2. it receives a signal from the brain
3. actin and myosin detach from each other
4. none of the above

f. A muscular force-couple occurs when:

1. actin and myosin bind and slide past each other
2. two or more muscles concurrently produce force in the same direction to produce one movement
3. actin and myosin detach from each other
4. two or more muscles concurrently produce force in different directions to produce one movement

g. When lifting the arm overhead, impingement of the subacromial space is avoided when:

1. synergistic actions occur between the pectorals and supraspinatus
2. a muscular force-couple occurs between the deltoid and supraspinatus
3. synergistic actions occur between the lats and deltoid
4. a muscular force-couple occurs between the deltoid and subscapularis

h. During a squat, your client's knees buckle inward as she ascends. This problem is most likely due to:

1. weakness of the hip adductors and external rotators
2. weakness of the hip flexors
3. weakness of the hip adductors and internal rotators
4. weakness of the hip abductors and external rotators

i. After a workout, your client mentions that he feels a deep, nervy pain in his shoulder that radiates down to his hand. You first course of action should be to:

1. explain that it's normal and no cause for concern
2. tell him to get cleared from a physician or physical therapist before your next workout
3. stretch his shoulder and see if it alleviates the pain
4. make a note in your training log to decrease the training loads for the next workout

j. Your new client mentions that he has left shoulder pain when pressing a 50-pound dumbbell overhead. During your initial movement assessment, what is the most acceptable first step?

1. Have him grab a 50-pound dumbbell and demonstrate the movement
2. Have him grab a 30-pound dumbbell and demonstrate the movement
3. Instruct him to mimic the left shoulder movement without any weight in hand
4. Have him squeeze a ball between his elbows

Please answer all 10 parts to question

Answer 1

1.a. Tendon and ligaments are made up of fibrous connective tissue. Tendon connects the muscle to the bone while ligament connects bone to bone.
Tendon and ligament have poor blood supply. Poor blood supply also causes reduced metabolism.
Answer : a limited blood supply and low metabolism

2. The skeletal muscle consists of three layers :

- perimysium : the outermost layer

- epimysium : the middle layer

- endomysium : the innermost layer

Answer : perimysium

c. Tendon connects muscle to bone.
perimysium is the outermost layer of muscle fibres.
Fascicle is the bundle of muscle fibres which is enveloped within the perimysium

Sarcomere is the basic functional unit of muscle fibre that helps in muscle contraction.
Answer : sarcomere

d. The hamstring and quadriceps group of muscles both acts on knee joint.
The quadriceps helps in knee extension and hamstring helps in knee flexion.
As both muscle perform opposite action on the same joint they are called antagonists.
Answer : agonist

e. The actin and myosin are the two filaments present in the skeletal muscles. The contraction of skeletal muscle is brought about when the actin and filament bind each other and crosses or slide past each other. So sliding of actin and myosin over each causes muscle contraction and detachment of myosin from actin causes muscle relaxation.
Answer : actin and myosin bind and slide past each other

f. A force couple occurs when two muscles work opposite to each other at the same time to provide a movement at the joint.
Answer : two or more muscles concurrently produce force in different directions to produce one movement

g. The impingement at the shoulder joint is prevented when the deltoid muscle works on humerus and causes it to move superiorly into the glenoid cavity. The subscapularis acts on the humerus and pulls it down inferiorly. This is known as force couple. This results in rotation of the humerus and prevents humerus to move into glenoid cavity and leading to impingement of soft tissues.
Answer : a muscular force-couple occurs between the deltoid and subscapularis