explain the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and protein

Expert Solution

Transcription: Transcription is the first for converting a gene into a protein in which encoded information from the DNA is transferred to a mRNA with the help of RNA polymerase.

Steps involved in transcription:

Initiation: Hydrogen bonds are hydrolysed and the two strands of DNA separte from each other forming transciption bubble.
Elongation: Ribonucleotides are attached to the strands from 5prime to 3prime end.
Termination: Transciption is stopped using or without using Rho factor.

The resultant mRNA is the single-stranded copy of the gene.

Translation: Translation is the process of synthesis of proteins from a mRNA by identifying the codons( group of 3 bases) which code for a particular amino acid which in turn constitutes a protein. The chain of amino acids obtained from the mRNA then forms a protein.

Steps involved in translation:

Translation phase: Attachment of mRNA and 50s ribosome to 30s ribosome.
Elongation phase: In which charged tRNa are attached to mRNA using the EPA sites of the ribosome.
Termination: Termination occurs when a non-sense codon appears in the mRNA.

Resultant proteins are formed by translation.

gladiator answered 10 months ago

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