Question

Newspaper headlines at the time and traditional wisdom in the succeeding decades have held that women and children escaped a sunken ship in greater proportion than men.? Here's a table with the relevant data. Do you think that survival was independent of whether the person was male or? female? Defend your conclusion. LOS = .025

	Observed	Female	Male
				Total
	Alive	393	326	719
	Dead	124	1347	1471
	Total	517	1673	2190

Answer 1

H₀: survival was independent of gender on the ship
H₁:There is association between survival and gender on the ship.

The data in group are independent.

Test statistics:

Observed feq =o	Expected frq=E	(O-E)^2/E
393	169.7365	49846.58
326	549.2635	49846.58
124	347.2635	49846.58
1347	1123.737	49846.58
Total		572.3209

*(Expected frq=E=719*517/2190=169.7365)

Tests statistics=sum((O-E)²/E)

=572.3209

P value at (2-1)*(2-1)=1 df is given by

The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001

i.e. p value =0.00 <0.025

Hence we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is evidence of a significant difference between the proportion of males and females who survived at the 0.025 level of significance

Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is strong evidence of an association between survival and gender on the ship.