Question

Give one strength and one limitation of each these study designs for studying a disease and an exposure: randomized clinical trial, population-based (cross-sectional) study and case-control study (disease-based). Which study design is better for answering a research about the possible casual effects of an exposure on disease based on comparing the strengths and limitations you listed?

Study Design: Randomized control trial

Strength(s):

Limitation(s):

Study Design: Cross-sectional

Strength(s):

Limitation(s):

Study Design: Disease-based

Strength(s):

Limitation(s):

Study design that is best for evaluating possible casual effects of an exposure on disease:

Justify choice:

Answer 1

ANSWER::

One strength and one limitation of the given 3 study designs are described below:

Study Design: Randomized Clinical Trial

Strength: Physicians and patients engage in shared decision making.

Limitation: This trial is time consuming and potentially expensive for an individual physician, particularly within the primary care setting where there might be lack of administrative experience.

Study Design: Population based (cross-sectional) study

Strength: Patients can indicate preferences for one treatment over the other, because patients receive multiple treatments in a single study.

Limitation: Long washout periods might unavoidably increase the duration of the experiment.

Study Design: Case-controlled study (disease based)

Strength: Retrospective studies maybe completed relatively quickly and cost effectively, compared to other types of studies.

Limitation: Some data elements of interest may not be available in restrospective studies.

The case controlled study Design is the best design for evaluating possible casual effects of an exposure or disease. This study Design has been chosen as it is a non experimental study Design in which patients are not randomized to a treatment or intervention.

Patients and Physicians make real world treatment decisions and patterns of care and outcomes are observed. This study Design can also be used for many types of studies such as effectiveness, descriptive, comparative effectiveness or safety studies.

This is a study of restrospective data collection. The data are abstracted from existing data sources. As a result exposures are measured after the outcomes of interest occur.

For example, in a cholesterol lowering study, all patients taking the medications of interest in an existing data set would be identified. The data from these patients would then be analyzed to see if the outcome of interest was also present.

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