Question

with you own choice of examples; describe and compare the properties of

(a) single covalent bonds and coordinate bonds;

(b) single, double and triple covalent bonds.

Answer 1

a)

single covalent bond -

1) single covalent bond formed by shairing of one electron from each atom having same electronegativity or small electronegativity diffrence.

2) for example H₂ , Cl₂ in this example in hydrogen molecule each hydrogen atom shair 1 electron and form single covalent bond and achive nobel gas configuration. in Cl₂ molecule both Cl atom shair 1 electron and bond formed achive noble gas configuration.

coordinate bond -

1)This type of bond formed by both electron of bond donated by single atom. coordinate bond also called dative bond

2)this type of bond formed lewis base donate electron to lewis acid for example

NH₃  + HCl   NH₄Cl

in this reaction nitrogen of ammonia have lone pair of electron give to hydrogen atom and NH₄⁺ and Cl^- formed.

once coordinate bond formed it is same as covalent bond .

b) single covalent bond -

1) single covalent bond formed by shairing of one electron from each atom having same electronegativity or small electronegativity diffrence.

2) for example H₂ , Cl₂ in this example in hydrogen molecule each hydrogen atom shair 1 electron and form single covalent bond and achive nobel gas configuration. in Cl₂ molecule both Cl atom shair 1 electron and bond formed achive noble gas configuration.

double covalent bond -

1) double covalent bond formed by shairing of two electron from each atom .

2) for example ethene in this example both carbon atom shair two electron and form double bond

CH₂ = CH₂

triple covalent bond -

1) triple covalent bond formed by shairing of three electron from each atom .

2) for example ethyne in this example both carbon atom shair theree electron and form triple bond

CH CH