trace the steps of a long and indirect signaling pathway from a
cell-surface receptor to a change in gene expression in the nucleus
. compare this pathway with an example of a short and direct
pathway from cell-surface to the nucleus.
Explain the cell signaling pathway which involves membrane
receptor (tyrosine kinase receptors and G protein-coupled
receptors). Use ONE (1) specific example to
explain each reception
pathway.
The details of the summary should be concise and informative.
The length of the summary for each type of membrane receptor should
be less than 200 words.
1. What are the two classic divisions of the endocrine
system?2. What are some non-classical examples of organs with hormone
function?3. Based on their chemical composition, there are several types
of hormones. List the different types and give examples of
each.4. What are pheromones?
Questions on cAMP Pathway. Short answers
1. What role does cAMP play in cell signaling?
2. Why is the regulation of the cAMP dependent pathway
important?
3. What are two molecules that inhibit the cAMP dependent
pathway?
4. What role does cAMP play in cell signaling?
5, Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by what?
6. In what way is cAMP cyclical? What does the molecule do that
has earned it this name?
9. Which G protein signaling pathway elevates calcium?
A. What is the pathway for elevation of calcium?
B. What is Calmodulin. How is it relevant to calcium
elevation?
C. What is myosin light chain kinase?
(1)What does it do?
(2) How is it activated?
(3) What is its effect on smooth muscle?
1. compare and contrast the classic and alternative
pathway of complement activation. which pathway is most directly
tied in with the immune response?
2. How is a person's susceptibility to infection altered by
complement deficiencies?
Explain the mechanism by which the signaling by the Epinephrine
receptor is amplified inside the cell. And also explain the merit
of signal amplification.