Question

1) Anatomically modern humans first reached North and South America by crossing _____________.

  

1. Northwest passage

2. Beringia

3. The Pacific

4. The Atlantic

2) According to the multi-regional model of human evolution, humans most likely evolved from

  

1. whatever species of hominid was found in each region; gene flow kept the populations linked

2. Neandertal populations in Europe and Asia.

3. a single population of Homo heidelbergensis somewhere in East Africa

4. populations of Homo erectus spread all across the old world with gene flow between them

3) How are Mousterian tools different from Acheulean and Oldowan tools?

  

1. Mousterian tools are larger than Acheulean and Oldowan tools

2. Acheulean and Oldowan tools are unifaced (one-sided) while Mousterian tools are bifaced

3. Mousterian tools were made by anatomically modern humans while Acheulean and Oldowan tools were made by Neandertals

4. Mousterian tools have only been found in North America, while Acheulean and Oldowan tools have only been found in Europe, Asia, and Africa

5. To make a Mousterian tool, one must strike the tool from the stone core

4) Neandertal skulls can be differentiated from Homo sapiens skulls

  

1. by the larger supraorbital torus of Homo sapiens

2. by the presence of an occipital bun and lack of a chin.

3. by the smaller brains of Neandertals.

4. because only Homo sapiens are found in Europe.

5) The Out-of-Africa Model of human origins:

  

1. Argues for replacement of existing populations by modern humans

2. Claims that Neandertals did not contribute genetic material to the human lineage

3. All of these

4. Suggests that humans had a single, localized origin

   

Answer 1

1). Option a - North West passage.

A land bridge that connected Asia and North America over 13,000 years ago. A widely accepted migration theory is that people crossed this land bridge and eventually migrated into North and South America.

2). Option d - populations of Homo erectus spread all across the old world with gene flow between them.

The multiregional hypothesis states that independent multiple origins or shared multiregional evolution with continuous gene flow between continental populations occurred in the million years since Homo erectus came out of Africa. A compromised version of the Out-of-Africa hypothesis emphasizes the African origin of most human populations but allows for the possibility of minor local contribution.

3). Option d- Mousterian tools have only been found in North America, while Acheulean and Oldowan tools have only been found in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

4).Option a - by the larger supraorbital torus of Homo sapiens

The closest living relatives of humans, the great apes, have a relatively pronounced supraorbital ridge, which has also been called a frontal torus while in modern humans it is relatively reduced.

5). Option - c