Question

Please answer as soon as possible. 2-4 sentences in fine.

1. Describe the Avalanche Effect in your own words. Give an example of the avalanche effect in cryptographic algorithms.

2. What is a collision in terms of a hash value and what implications does it have for the hash function? Give examples of possible situations.

3. Describe how symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography are different. List one example of symmetric key cryptography and one example of asymmetric key cryptography highlighting any difference and any similarities.

Answer 1

Answer 1) Avalanche effect is a desirable poeperty of the cryptographic algorithm where a slight change in the input can cause huge difference in the output without making it indistinguishable from random . Example of avalanche effect are flipping a single bit changes the output significantly.

Answer 2) A collision in a hash value happens when two inputs of a function yields the same output. The implications that hash collision have for the hash function are that if a hash value is found to be faster than birthday attack then the hash function becomes broke. This can be used on overloading a machine if you have used a hash function to distribute load among the devices making the devices freeze.

Answer 3) In symmetric key cryptography the same key is used for encryption and decryption whereas in Asymmetric key one key is used for encryption and another key is used for decryption. Since symmetric key uses same key for encryption and decryption it used for sending bulk datas whereas asymmetric key uses one key for encryption and another for decryption so it is used for authentication, distribution and digital signature

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