Question

Know all of the hormones that have their effects on the kidneys, and what those specific effects are, and know about the hormones and enzyme (Renin) released by the kidneys and their target tissues and effects at the various tissues.

Answer 1

Kidney secrete hormone named as erythropoietin and Vitamin D , renin which has a enzymatic activity.

Erythropoietin

Location- juxtaglomerular cells of kidney

Function- it stimulates the production of RBC by acting on bone marrow

This hormone is generally released under oxygen stress.

This is a peptide hormone

Vitamin D( calcitrol)

The active form is known as vitamin D

Location;- proximal convulated tubule

Function:- stimulates the absorption of calcium by the formation of calcium binding protein

Vitamin d has a role in bone formation.

This is a steroid hormone

Renin

Location:- juxtaglomerular cells of kidney

Function:- It has a main role in RAAS system which converts the angiotenisogen(released from liver) into angiotensin I

It helps to regulate the artrial pressure and to maintain cardiac output. Helps in sodium retention also

It is mainly released when there is low blood pressure and low sodium level in the blood.

Hormones that act on kidney

1. (ADH) - anti diuretic hormone

Location- released from pituitary gland

Function- to retain blood volume and reduce the serum osmolarity. ( whenever there is a high concentrate of solute in blood)

2. ( ANP) - atrial natiuretic peptide

Location- released from heart

Function- to promote vasodilation whenever there is a high blood pressure and volume

By secretion of this hormone it stabilize the blood pressure and volume and inhibit RAAS system.