Briefly describe 10 specific effects that hormones have on the
body.
Briefly describe 10 specific effects that hormones have on the
body.
Solutions
Expert Solution
Most of the hormones have several effects on target
tissues that are called Pleiotropic effects of
hormones.
Many hormones have multiple actions on several other
tissues simultaneously.
Hormones act on different body systems for diiferent
actions,some of the actions are complementary and some are
antagonistic.
Both copmlimentary and antagonistic actions of hormones
are meant for integration of body functions in normal conditions as
wellas in different other situations.
In liver the cortisol decreases glucose uptake
,influences glycogenolysis,neoglucogenesis,lipolysis,protein
sysnthsis etc
The thyroid hormones helps in controlling the
metabolism
The Estrogen(female sex hormone) is responsible for
mensturation,reproduction etc
The Testosterone (male sex hormone) is responsible for
sperm production,male tissues and organ developemnt
etc.
The melatonin produced by the pineal gland induces
sleep and serotonin that is derived from melatonin regulates mood
and digestion etc
Adrenaline secerted by adrenal medulla is also known as
emergency hormones which initiates in quick reactions when a
situation occurs.It increases the metabolic rate .
Lutenizing hormones and follicle stimulating hormone
are called gonadotropins as they regulate growth and developemnt of
gonads,pubertal maturation and secretion of sex
steroids.
Oxytocin is a hormone synthesized in magnocellular
neurons of hypothalamus.Oxytocin is mainly synthesized in the para
ventricular cells of hypothalamus.Oxytocin mediates two
physiological reflexes: 1) Milk ejection reflex 2) Parturition
reflex.
The Parathyroid hromone is a single chain polypeptide
containing 84 amino acids.The PTH secretion is regulated mainly by
plasma calcium and VIt D .The primary actions of PTH is to increase
the level of calcium and decrease the level of phosphate in
plasma.
Calcitonin is secrteted from parafollicular cells of
thyroid gland.Calcitonin decreases the plasma calcium levels by
acting mainly on bones and kidneys.
Know all of the hormones that have their effects on the kidneys,
and what those specific effects are, and know about the hormones
and enzyme (Renin) released by the kidneys and their target tissues
and effects at the various tissues.
Eicosanoids are paracrine hormones that have a variety of
dramatic effects on vertebrate tissues. There are three classes of
eicosanoids. Define each of these classes and elaborate on their
functions. What are NSAIDs and what is the basis behind NSAIDs
function?
Three classes of eicosanoids: prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and
leukotrienes.
____ are steroid hormones which have masculinizing
effects
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Water- soluble hormones
Adrenalins
andgrogens
All of the following are hormones of the anterior
pituitary EXCEPT ____
Thyroid stimulating hormones
Oxytocin
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
An enlarged thyroid gland, increased heart rate and
blood pressure, weight loss, and agitation/nervousness could be
symptoms of ____
Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
____causes body cells to divide so that tissues are
maintained/ repaired during adulthood
Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Melatonin...
Describe and explain the effects of thyroid hormones on
O2 consumption and metabolic rate. In what ways do the
thyroid hormones cause those effects? State whether the responses
to thyroid hormones are immediate or whether they take some time to
develop?
Pancreatic hormones regulate blood glucose level in our body.
The hormones that involve in this regulation are glucagon and
insulin.
Explain the negative feedback regulation of the secretion of
glucagon and insulin.