Question

Please fill out the definition of each term

11.        Antibody 


12.        Antibody isotype (class) 


13.        Antibody isotype (class) switching -- class switch recombination 


14.        Antigen (Ag) 


15.        B cell receptor (BCR) 


16. CD4

17. CD8

18. Cell-mediated immunity

19. Chemokine

20. Chemotaxis

21. Cluster of differentiation (CD)

22. Commensal organism

23. Complement (C')

24. Complementarity determining regions (CDRs)

25. Co-receptor

26. Cytokine

27. DAMP

28. Dendritic cell

29. Effector cell

30. Effector molecule

Answer 1

1). Antibody (Ab)-In the immune system the Y-shaped proteins which are produced by plasma cells is worm to kill or counteract pathogenic microbes. These Y-shaped proteins are known as an antibody (immunoglobulin, Ig).

2). Antibody isotype (class) - IgM is the isotype to the IgG

3). Antibody isotype (class) switching-class switch recombination 
- The mechanism of changing the production of antibodies from one type to another type like isotype IgM to the isotype IgG.

4). Antigen (Ag) - Antigens are the foriegn molecules which binds with antibody.

5). B cell receptor (BCR) - B-cells have the transmembrane receptor protein which are located on its outer surface which have membrane bound antibody (which binds with the antigen).

6). CD4- The cells like T-helper cell, dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages have specific glycoprotein which is known as CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4).

7). CD8- cluster of differentiation 8 works as a co receptor for TCR. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein.

8). Cell-mediated immunity- In this kind of immunity cell does not involves antibody instead of that it release cytokines in respose to antigen and it also involves phagocytosis.

9). Chemokine - Chemokines are the protein with low molecular weight and it stimulate leukocyte recruitment.

10). Chemotaxis- When an organism moves in response to a chemical compound this is known as chemotaxis.

11). Cluster of differentiation (CD)- CDs are used to investigate and analyze the cell surface molecules.

12). Commensal organism- Organisms which are involves in the commensalism interaction type the one organism is benifited when the other is not affected are known as Commensal organism.

13). Complement (C')- It is the part of immune systen which increase the activity antibody to kill or remove the antigens.

14). Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) is the part of Igs and the TCRs. The immunoglobins and TCRs are produced by B and T- cells respectively.

15). Co-receptor is the cell surface receptor which works as the primary receptor and also works as a signaling molecule.

16). Cytokine is a type of protein, peptide and glycoprotein which works as a inflamation.

17). DAMP- Damage associated molecular pattern.

18).  Dendritic cell- In the mammalian immune system the dendritic cell works the antigen presenting cells.

19). Effector cell- In the immune system the effector cells works as a defender for the body against pathogens. eg. B-cells

20). Effector molecule- The small molecules which regulate the biological activity by binding with protein.