Question

2. The primary action of the hamstrings muscle group is ______________________ of the lower leg at the knee. The group in composed of the following muscles: ___________________________________, ________________________________________, and _________________________________________. 3. The Gastrocnemius muscle acts to mainly ______________________ flex the foot at the ankle. Its main (opposing action) _________________________________ muscle is the ____________________ ______________________, which mainly ______________________ flexes the foot at the ankle. 4. The Biceps brachii muscle ________________ the forearm at the elbow. The insertion of this muscle is on the ___________________. The main forearm extensor muscle is the ___________________ _____________________, and it inserts on the ______________________________. 5. The pectoral muscles have their origin in the _______________ and _______________, and insertion on the ______________________. Their main action is to ________________ and medially _________________ the arm. 6. The abdominal muscles protect the abdominopelvic cavity and also ______________ and __________________ the trunk. 7. What is the function of lumbodorsal fascia

Answer 1

1.Hamstrings Muscle -

Hamstrings muscles are posterior thigh muscles. They are group of 4 muscles - long head of biceps femoris,short head of biceps femoris,semitendinosus and semimembranosus and crosses hip and knee joint.It originates from tuberosity of ischium and linea aspera and inserts into the tibia and fibula(bones of leg). The primary action of hamstrings muscle is extension of hip and flexion of knee.

2.Gastrocnemius muscle -

It is the supercial muscle of calf i.e. posterior of lower leg. It originates from lateral and medial condyle of femur and inserts into calcaneus bone.The primary action is flexion of knee along with plantar flexion(i.e. plantar flex of foot as mentioned in your question). the opposing muscle i.e. anatagonist tibialis anterior which is responsible for dorsiflexion(i.e. dorsal flex of foot )

3.Biceps brachii -

It is the muscle of arm which is located anteriorly and covers 3 joints i.e. glenohumeral,elbow and radioulnar joint. It has two heads the short and long. The short head originates from Apex of the coracoid process of the scapula and the long head from Supra-glenoid tubercle of the scapula. It inserts into the radial tuberosity. The primary action is flexion of elbow and supination of forearm. the antagonist which is The main forearm extensor muscle is triceps brachii.

4. Pectoral muscles -

The four muscles form this group of pectoral muscles which are pectoralis major,pectoralis minor,serratous anterior and subclavius. the pectoralis major acts to medially rotate and adduct humerus,it is an accesory muscle for breathing. the pectoralis minor stabilises the scapula and helps in rotation of scapula. The serratus anterior acts to forward the scapula and the action of subclavius muscle is to move the shoulder forward and downward.

5. Abdominal muscles -

The abdominopelvic region comprises of abdominal and pelvic area. the abdominal muscles protects the abdominopelvic region and functions to help in inspiration and expiration.

6Function of lumbodorsal fascia -

The function of thoracolumbar fascia is to connect the extensor muscles to vertebral column.