Question

What is the acute phase response (APR)? What are the main cytokines and a few of the proteins are involved in it? What does this response contribute to innate immunity ?

Answer 1

Answer:

Acute Phase Response (APR)

• Acute phase response is an innate body defense system that occurs after the onset of infection or as a result of inflammation, trauma, myocardial infarction and some chronic diseases.
• Induction of acute phase response causes the synthesis of Acute Phase Proteins (APRs) by hepatocytes in liver.
• Acute phase response usually initiates within hours or days of infection and leads to a change in the plasma concentration of acute-phase proteins.

Main Cytokines and a few proteins that are involved in APR

Some of the major proteins and cytokines involved in APR response are:

• Intereukin class (IL-1, IL-6)
• Complement proteins C2, C3, C4, C5, C9
• C-reactive protein
• Serum Amyloid P Component
• Habtoglobulin
• Fibrinogen
• Alpha1-Antitrypsin
• TNF-Alpha

What does this response contributes to innate immunity

• In APR, the pattern recognition receptors located on the innate immunity cells (pAPCs) are involved in the recognition of threat and as a response interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and TNF- is released by macrophages.
• These pattern recognition receptors recognize a molecular pattern present on the surface of pathogens.This leads to cellular activation, complement activation and cytokine release.