Question

1. An infant is born with alveolar capillary dysplasia. Which of the following is an effective treatment for this condition?

   	a	Corticosteroids to improve maturation of the alveolar cells
   	b	Artificial surfactant to lubricate the alveoli
   	c	None of these interventions are an effective treatment
   	d	Supplemental oxygen delivered via ventilator to raise oxygen levels in the alveoli

Which of the following heart malformations requires an atrial septal defect for infant survival?

		Pulmonary stenosis
		All of these require an atrial septal defect
		Tricuspid valve atresia
		Patent ductus arteriosus

QUESTION 3

1. Which of the following structures forms an identifiable structure in adults during normal development:

   		pharyngeal groove 1
   		pharyngeal pouch 6
   		pharyngeal groove 2
   		pharyngeal arch 5

2 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Two zygotes are present in the uterus of a mother. The zygotes fuse together, creating one embryo. The resulting child will  _______________ .

   		be a genetic mosaic, chimera, and intersex
   		be a genetic mosaic
   		be intersex
   		be a genetic mosaic and a chimera
   		be a chimera

2 points   

QUESTION 5

1. The respiratory membrane is made from which germ layers:

   		Mesoderm
   		Endoderm and mesoderm
   		Endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
   		Endoderm

2 points   

QUESTION 6

1. If the ureteric bud does not form, __________ can occur.

   		Renal agenesis
   		Renal hypoplasia
   		Renal hypertrophy
   		Renal duplication

Answer 1

Question 1:

Answer: None of these interventions are an effective treatment

Explanation: Alveolar capillary dysplasia is the congenital diffuse lung disease. It causes increase in the pulmonary blood pressure and the lung would not able to oxygenate the impure blood and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood is not takes place. There is no effective treatment for alveolar capillary dysplasia. It has only standard treatment such as mechanical ventilation, vasodilators to bring improvement in the symptoms temporarily.

Question 2:

Answer: Tricupsid valve atresia

Explanation: Tricupsid valve atresia is the congenital heart condition which is characterised by the complete absence of Tricupsid valve. Because of absence of connection between atrium and ventricles the atrial septal defect is essential to fill the blood in the left ventricle. From the left ventricle it passes to all parts of body.

Question 3:

Answer: Pharyngeal groove 1

Explanation: Pharyngeal groove 1 is the structure which is identifiable in the adult. In adult this structure is identifies as external auditory meatus (ear canal).

Question 4:

Answer: be a chimera

Explanation: Chimera is type of population which is formed by the fusion of two zygote. These population have special characters.

Question 5:

Answer: Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm

Explanation: The respiratory layer is made up of three germ layers they are Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.

Ectoderm : Outer layer

Mesoderm: middle layer

Endoderm : inner layer.

Question 6 :

Answer: Renal agenesis

Explanation: Ureteric bud is the protrusion from the mesonephric duct it appears at the development of reproductive and urinary organs. And later it develops into kidney . These are all occurs in embryonic stage. If the uteric bud does not form it results in renal agenesis i.e the kidney is not formed.