Question

Complete the chart using accurate terminology or explanations

Membrane composed of the alveolar wall, the capillary wall and their basement membranes.
Haemoglobin combined with oxygen.
A difference in amount of a substance between two areas.
Respiratory structure divided by a septum.
	Conducting zone
	Intrapleural pressure
	Internal respiration
	Ventilation

word limit for this section: 200)

Tui’s respiratory system is made up of several structures that enable air to be conducted into and out of her lungs. These structures are needed to ensure an endless supply of oxygen is available to the trillions of cells in her body.  

Identify the location and give a structural description for each of the following respiratory system structures (200 words):

• Trachea –
• Bronchi –
• Bronchiole –
• Alveoli –
• Visceral Pleura –
• Parietal Pleura –
• Pleural Fluid –
• Respiratory membrane –
• Diaphragm –
• External Intercostals –

Answer 1

1)Membrane composed of the alveolar wall, the capillary wall and their basement membranes -- RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

2) Haemoglobin combined with oxygen -- OXYHAEMOGLOBIN

3) A difference in amount of a substance between two areas -- CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

4) Respiratory structure divided by a septum -- NASAL CAVITY

5) Passageway of air starting from nose and nasal cavity upto smallest bronchioles -- CONDUCTING ZONE

6) Pressure within the pleural cavity -- INTRAPLEURAL PRESSURE

7) Transport of oxygen in the blood from the lung to body tissues and transport of CO2 from tissues to the blood and to the lungs -- INTERNAL RESPIRATION

8) Movement of air through conducting airways between atmosphere and lungs -- VENTILLATION

**Trachea – It connects larynx to the trachea of lungs. It is cartilaginous tube located in neck and upper chest

It is 4-5 cm long and encircled by incomplete cartilaginous rings which are not present posteriorly.

**Bronchi – Located in the upper chest. Trachea divides into right and left bronchi.

Right bronchus is shorter and more in line with trachea. Left bronchus is longer and less in line with trachea.

**Bronchiole – They are air passages inside lungs. Bronchi divides in a branching pattern to form bronchioles

**Alveoli – It is the endpoint of respiratory system. Exchange of oxygen and CO2 between lungs and blood takes place in alveoli

**Visceral Pleura – Inner layer of pleura. Covers the surface of lungs.

**Parietal Pleura – Outer layer of pleura. Lines inside of chest wall.

**Pleural Fluid – Lubricant fluid inside the pleural space between parietal and visceral pleura.

**Respiratory membrane – Membrane composed of the alveolar wall, the capillary wall and their basement membranes

Separate air in alveoli from blood in pulmonary capillaries.

**Diaphragm – Located below the lungs. One of major muscles of respiration. Dome shaped muscle which separates thoracic and abdominal cavity

**External Intercostals – Muscles between ribs. Originates from 1-11 ribs and inserted onto 2-12 ribs.
Help in forced and quite inspiration.