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In: Operations Management

Review the information about designing a layout for a product and for designing a layout for...

Review the information about designing a layout for a product and for designing a layout for a process (you might also want to search the internet to find examples for each design type). Compare the layout for a product and the layout for a process. Summarize key steps for both. How is the design for a product similar to the design for a process? How are they different? Please make sure to include a work cited.

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Expert Solution

Product layout is a layout which can accomodate very few designs of products.They are also called assembly lines or production lines. This type of layout is designed for products that need direct material flow into the production facility. A good example for product layout woud be automobile manufacturing units that are designed specially for one type or design of the automobile. It could also be a new edition of an existing brand or a completely new design.

Process layout is a functional layout which is designed to accomodate variety in product design or the processing steps. They are also called as job shops. This type of layout is used in manufacturing unit where a variety of products are produced in smaller batches. This is a plan of the layout which maximizes efficiency by organizing equipments or machinery according to its functions.

COMPARISION OF PRODUCT LAYOUT AND PROCESS LAYOUT

  • Product layout is for products that need customization. Whereas, process layout is for products that do not need customization and are products that are standardized.
  • Product layout produces smaller number of products whereas, process layout is for products produced in huge quantities.
  • In product layout employees are trained to do a variety of jobs whereas, in process layout employees are required to do simple small and specialized tasks.
  • Machinery used in product layout is generally specialized and is set up once to do the task for a long period of time for one single product. Whereas, general purpose machinery is used in process layout which can be changed for new operations of different desings in product.
  • Product layout machinery needs larger expense when change has to be made for new product design and needs long down times. Whereas, it is not the case with process layout, the machinery can be changed for different product designs rapidly at lower or no cost at all.
  • The workers in product layout perform smaller activities on few product designs repeatedly, so they require lesser amount of skill and supervision. Whereas, workers of process layout must change and adapt quickly to the amount of operations they need to do on each batch of products, so they need intense job training and supervision. These workers should be highly skilled.
  • Planning and scheduling is done only when product undergoes makeover in product layout. Process layout needs continous planning and scheduling to get optimum amount of work done at each work station or depatment.
  • Product layout have higher material handling cost and space requirement compared to process layout.

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