Question

What is the difference between “motives” and “functions,” and how are these two concepts related to "manifest functions" and "latent functions" according to Merton?

Answer 1

According to Merton manifest functions are objective in nature,intended to a group of individuals,cultures or group.Example a norm.Accordingly the changes are made ,and it is adapted .So there is the involvement of the individual,group or culture whole heartedly.

On the other hand,latent functions are not usually intended.An individual automatically becomes a member of a particular group once they join.

For example: a society can decide to build community park.It is a Manifested function.It is for the betterment of the society.When each individual starts taking up a role,it becomes latent function.

Firstly motives are nothing but the need to fulfill one's personal need or want.It could be biological motives also known as primary motives,social or secondary motives ,personal motives like achieving a good percentage in the upcoming exam,achieving a goal set by oneself.

In the above given example ,the motive becomes an individual's choice.It depends on the person's level of motivation.

Whereas functions are like the latent functions,individuals work for goal attainment rather than trying to adapt.Indepedent units are made for fulfilling the task given(in the example: people taking up different roles )

Difference:

• Motives are an individual's choice but manifest functions are not .It is to be followed ,whether one individual likes it or not.
• Latent functions and functions are different as individuals do become part of the group the moment they join it.But they need not participate but could be an observer too.Thus taking up a role,adapting accordingly.