Question

Describe the history and the role of evolution and natural selection in ecology.

Answer 1

Intorduction - Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a populationover generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which is intentional, whereas natural selection is not.

History - After creatiion the world there are various types of animal comes to the earth. But they can't survive with the time . Because of various reasons they became destroyed but some are also present till now. There are various theory cames for existence of aimals . Here we will discuss about the most common and useful theory that is NATURAL SELECTION.

Theory -

Natural selection acts on the phenotype, the characteristics of the organism which actually interact with the environment, but the genetic(heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives that phenotype a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population. Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches(microevolution) and may eventually result in speciation (the emergence of new species, macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population.

Natural selection is a cornerstone of modern biology. The concept, published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, was elaborated in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. He described natural selection as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, science had yet to develop modern theories of genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical geneticsformed the modern synthesis of the mid-20th century. The addition of molecular geneticshas led to evolutionary developmental biology, which explains evolution at the molecular level. While genotypes can slowly change by random genetic drift, natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.

So according to Darwin which was selevsel by the nature they exist in the world and which was not accepted they became disappeared.

Conclusion - do that finally we can say that the whole life kingdom was stabilized by the selection of nature. No one can exist without help of nature. So here the nature is the most powerful .

Thanking you , hope you get help from the answer.