Question

Purpose: The effects of political posts on social media and impact on anxiety, character, ethics, virtue, and civility.

1. Formulate 5 specific research questions in regard to your purpose

2. Write a Research Proposal

3. Select Sample Parameters

Answer 1

Research proposal

Research Problem :- A Study on the effects of political posts on social media and impact on anxiety, character, ethics, virtue, and civility.

Abstract

Social media have been credited with the potential of reinvigorating trust by offering new opportunities for social and political participation. This view has been recently challenged by the rising phenomenon of online incivility, which has made the environment of social networking sites hostile to many users. The proposed study, going to conduct a novel experiment in a Facebook setting to study how the effect of political post on social media and impact on anxiety, character, ethics,virtue and civility of online interaction.

Key wards : Political post, Social media, Anxiety, Character, virtue and Civility.

Introduction

The advent of the Internet has fundamentally altered human communication. In particular, the Internet has made computer-mediated communication (CMC) prevalent-so much so that it now pervades many aspects of human interactions. CMC has been studied primarily in the context of interpersonal relationships and organizations, but recently its role in political communication has been investigated. Political discussions on the Internet offer a rich area for analysis as the numbers of political discussion forums, newsgroups, and chat rooms have proliferated over the past few years. Many researchers believe the Internet has the potential to enrich democratic processes and increase political participation and deliberation if it is appropriately utilized (Agre, 2002; Dahlberg, 2001; Dahlgren, 2001; Levin, 2002; Papacharissi, 2002; Savigny, 2002; Scheufele & Nisbet, 2002; Sparks, 2001). However, certain attributes of online political discussions may also dissuade people from participating.

Purpose of the study

The effects of political posts on social media and impact on anxiety, character, ethics, virtue, and civility.

Research Questions

1.  How social norms can explain flaming in the political context in social media?

2. How people perceive and react to the political aspects of messages ?.

3.what is the anxiety level of people reacting to political issues?

.4. Is there any gender influence in political post discussions in social media?

5. why young people negatively respond to political issues? How they are react to highly sensitive political post?

6. what is the impact of using social media for discussing political matters?. Which character type people participate more such kind of discussion?.

Research Methods

Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.

Design

The study had a 6 resarch questions related to research objectives. The present study will be use, mixed method. Survey and experimental.

Research Population

A research population is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of a scientific query. In this study, the research population is total university students in singapore.

Participants ( Sample Parameters)

A research participant, also called a human subject or an experiment, trial, or study participant or subject, is a person who participates in human subject research by being the target of observation by researchers.

In this research, ( just model)  total of 153 undergraduates from a local university participated in this study (age Mean=20, StandardDeviation=1.3) Seventy percent of the participants were women (n=105), reflecting the composition of the school.

Experimental Stimuli

The stimuli consisted of two discussion threads taken from an existing online forum:

• Water dispute between Singapore and Malaysia.
• Singapore National Servicemen (troops) to Iraq.

The gender of the interactants in the discussions will indicat by the usernames and held constant throughout the experiment. The two primary interactants are male and the secondary interactants are female. Thus, a mixed gender discussion will presented in all experimental conditions.

Procedure

The study will conduct in two phases. In the first phase, participants will required to fill in pencil-and-paper questionnaires containing assessments of the salience of the two issues of discussion, perceptions of self- and political-efficacy, demographic information, and their Internet usage patterns. Participants will then instructed to come back for the experiment on a specified day approximately one week following the pretest.

The experiment will carried out in 14 sessions with individuals randomly assigned to conditions and run in small groups (3-15 people). Upon arriving at the research facility, participants will briefed and instructed not to talk to each other.

Variable of the study

A variable is defined as anything that has a quantity or quality that varies. The dependent variable is the variable a researcher is interested in. An independent variable is a variable believed to affect the dependent variable. Confounding variables are defined as interference caused by another variable.

Dependent variable

The dependent variables consisted of evaluations of the discussion, evaluations of one individual in the discussion, subjects' willingness to participate in the discussions, and their motivations for participation.

Independent variable

Effect of post, anxiety, character, ethics, virtue, and civility.

Limitations of the Study

• Limitations in its experimental design.
• Only two different issues were used due to time and resource constraints.

Conclusion

Social Media has not only reshaped communication industry but has also redefined the ways in which we communicate and express. Social media websites such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn etc. constantly engage people in some or the other activity and amass people to get on the bandwagon of trending activities. We have embraced it so tenaciously that social media is now an integral part of our lives. It is sweeping across geographies, industries and almost every sphere.

References

• Anderson, A. A., Brossard, D., and A., S. D. (2014). The "nasty effect":Online incivility and risk perceptions of emerging technologies. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication.

• Anderson, M. and Perrin, A. (2017). Tech adoption climbs among older adults. Technical report, Pew Research Cente.

• Barberà, P. and Rivero, G. (2015). Understanding the political representa-tiveness of twitter users. Social Science Computer Review, 33(6):712–729.

• Bauernschuster, S., Falck, O., and Woessmann, L. (2014). Surfing alone? the internet and social capital: Evidence from an unforeseeable technological mistake. Journal of Public Economics.

• Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U., and Kosfeld, M. (2005). Neuroeconomic founda- tions of trust and social preferences: Initial evidence. American Economic Review.

• Fischbacher, U. (2007). Z-tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments. Experimental Economics.

• Quattrociocchi, W., Scala, A., and Sunstein, C. (2016). Echo chambers on

  facebook. Harvard Law School, Discussion Paper.

• Rainie, L. (2017). The reckoning for social media. Keynote speech at the

  New Media and Society conference in Toronto on July 29, 2017.

• Rainie, L., Lenhart, A., and Smith, A. (2012). The tone of life on social

  networking sites. Technical report, Pew Research Center, Washington.

Thank you....