Question

1. Which of the following is not a potential complication/co-morbidity of diabetes
   1. Coronary artery disease
   2. Neuropathy in the feet
   3. Kidney damage
   4. All of the following are chronic complications of diabetes

2. A hallmark symptom of both types of diabetes is an elevated blood glucose level often called
   1. Hyperglycemia
   2. Hypoglycemia
   3. Hyperinsulinemia
   4. Hypoinsulinemia
   5. None of the above

3. Once insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of a muscle fiber, a signaling cascade occurs that eventually moves this transport protein to the cell membrane which then moves glucose into muscle
   1. GLUT4
   2. GLUT2
   3. G-protein
   4. IRS-1

4. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for development of type II diabetes
   1. Obesity
   2. Age
   3. Abdominal Fat Distribution
   4. Peripheral Arterial Disease

5. ____________diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency because the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin, while _________________ diabetes can produce insulin, but have insulin receptors that are insensitive or insulin resistant.
   1. Type 1; Type 2
   2. Type 2; Type 1
   3. Type 1; Type 1a
   4. Type 2a; Type 2b

6. Diabetes is the leading cause of adult onset ____
   1. Neuropathies
   2. Spinal cord injuries
   3. Blindness
   4. Obesity

7. Radiating pain in the neck, jaw, and/or left arm due to transient myocardial ischemia best describes which of the following

1. Angina
2. Claudication
3. Peripheral arterial disease
4. Atheroschlerosis
5. None of the above

Answer 1

1. Diabetes Mellitus is a condition in which the patient is unale to produce or utilise insulin in the body, it affects almost all the system in the body hence, the correct answer would be option D.

2. A. Hyperglycemia is defined as increase in glucose level in the body.

3. A. GLUT4 which is basically a Glucose Tansporter Type 4 is found in human encoded by protein, It is mainly found in adipose tissue , skeletal and cardiac muscle.

4. D. Peripheral artery disease is a condition in which the artery is partially or totally blocked which could result in pain while walking, tingling sensations, etc. It is not an endocrine disorder hence it does not lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus, however, the rest of the option does contribute towards developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

5. A. Type 1 diabetes is a condition where the pancrease is unable to produce the insulin which the body requires, It is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), while Type 2 diabetes can produce insulin but the body is unable to utilise the insulin, also known as Non- Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

6. C. Diabetes is the leading cause of adult onset blindness, it works by damaging the retina which is present in the eye.

7. A. Angina is a condition in which an individual suffers from chest pain due to decrease blood supply to the heart.