In: Chemistry
consider the conversion of glucose to lactate by glycolysis. Determine number of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 produced by this rxn sequence.
In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate.
In aerobic conditions, the process converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid), generating energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced, however, two are consumed as part of the preparatory phase.
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H+ + 2 H2O
Krebs cycle contributes 4 more carbon dioxide molecules, 6NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ATP.
During anaerobic glycolysis, NAD+ regenerates when pairs of hydrogen combine with pyruvate to form lactate
2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ → 2 NAD+ + 2 lactate
Overall reaction of anaerobic metabolism:
Glucose + 2 Pi + 2 ADP → + 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O