Question

Environments and climates vary dramatically across the Earth. In this prompt, I want you to choose either your current location or a home location that you have lived at in the past.

Describe in detail that location regarding its climate.

In particular for each of these explain:

Relative to the equator and what seasons are experienced

Effect experienced due to Hadley cells

Air circulation pattern

Name the nearest currents and their effects

Answer 1

The troposphere experiences circulation because of convection.

1. Convection is a way of heat transfer wher in the heat moves with the material.  
2. Warm air, becuase it is less dense than cooler air, rises and cold air sinks back toward the surface.
3. Convection in the atmosphere is primarily the result of the fact that more of the Sun's heat energy is received by parts of the Earth near the Equator than at the poles.
4. Therefore air at the equator is heated reducing its the density. Lower density causes the air to rise. At the top of the troposphere this air spreads toward the poles

Altered air masses with different temperatures and moisture content, in common, do not mix when they run into each other, but instead are separated from each other along boundaries called fronts. Before cold air moving down from the poles encounters warm moist air moving up from the Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Ocean, or Atlantic Ocean, a cold front develops and the warm moist air rises above the cold front.

This rising moist air cools as it rises causing the condensation of water vapor to form rain or snow. Reminder that the cold air masses tend to circulate around a low pressure center in a counter clockwise fashion in the northern hemisphere. Such circulation around a low pressure center is called a mid-latitude cyclone.

While warm air touching northward meets the cooler air to the north, a warm front forms. As the warm air rises along a gently liable warm front, clouds tend to form, and can also cause rain, but rain is less likely because the warm front is not as steep as a cold front.   If the rapidly moving cold front overtakes the warm front, an occluded front forms, trapping warm air above a layer of cold and cool air. Mid-latitude cyclones and their associated fronts are responsible for such severe weather conditions as thunderstorms, snow storms and associated hail, lightening, and occasional tornadoes. Hadley cell The full of atmosphere circulation design that George Hadley defined and an attempt to explain the trade winds. The Hadley cell is a closed circulation loop which begins at the equator. There, moist air is warmed by the Earth's surface, decreases in density and rises.

1. Hadley Cells are the low-latitude overturning circulations that have air rising at the equator and air sinking at roughly 30° latitude. They are responsible for the trade winds in the Tropics and control low-latitude weather patterns.
2. Warm air rises at the equator and travels to around 30º North where it cools and sinks to the surface, before returning to the tropics. This movement is known as the Hadley cell. At the equator there is an area of low pressure, due to the rising and expanding air.

Example

Atmospheric circulation is categorized as (know these for your exam!):

1. Primary circulation - common, worldwide patterns (e.g. Westerly winds that dominate mid latitude regions, like north america)
2. Secondary circulation - regional circulation patterns (e.g. Monsoons that are limited to south and south-east asia)
3. Tertiary circulation - local winds. (e.g. anabatic/katabatic winds that affect a local area, like your neighbourbood)